Heat shock protein 60 from Chlamydia pneumoniae elicits an unusual set of inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in vivo

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) from Chlamydia pneumoniae was described to trigger in vitro inflammatory and cytokine responses including TNF and IL-12p40. Although it can be found in atherosclerotic plaques of patients, the stimulatory potential of chlamydial and other HSP60 in vivo is unclear. We now report that chlamydial HSP60 fails to induce TNF expression in vivo, and significant serum levels of IL-12p40 are only found upon intraperitoneal injection of high doses of HSP60 or after intravenous application. Upon purification of chlamydial HSP60 with polymyxin B-agarose columns, its ability to induce TNF secretion in vitro is much reduced. However, purified chlamydial HSP60 causes increased serum levels of the CXC chemokines KC and MIP2 in vivo, as well as a strong accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the peritoneal cavity upon intraperitoneal challenge. With respect to PMN accumulation, chlamydial HSP60 is more potent than endotoxin or the CpG oligonucleotide 1668. The responses observed are completely abolished in Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4-double-deficient mice, while single-deficient mice respond almost normally. Furthermore, KC induction and PMN accumulation are largely dependent on MyD88. In conclusion, HSP60 from C. pneumoniae triggers inflammatory responses in vivo that differ from responses induced by endotoxin or CpG oligonucleotides and are dependent on TLR2 and 4.     

Patterns of exochorion ornaments on eggs of seven South American species of Lutzomyia sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The patterns of exochorion ornaments on eggs of seven South American Lutzomyia sand fly species were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) cruzi (Mangabeira 1938), Lutzomyia (Micropygomyia) evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes 1936), L. (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz and Neiva 1912), L. longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912), L. migonei (Franca 1920), L. (Nyssomyia) neivai (Pinto 1926), and L. renei (Martins, Falcao, and Silva 1957). Different patterns were observed, which showed the distinction between some species. Egg ornaments in L. cruzi and L. longipalpis appear as single, parallel, unconnected ridges, whereas eggs of L. migonei appear as single, parallel, connected ridges. Eggs of L. (Nyssomyia) intermedia and L. (N.) neivai present a new variation of the single, unconnected, parallel ridges pattern: small tubercles are present, distributed between the ridges. Eggs of L. renei present an elliptical pattern, with most structures connected by straight ridges. Eggs of L. (M.) evandroi present a polygonal pattern, with alternate rows of small and large hexagons. Our data emphasize the advantages of the SEM approach in the study of the exochorion patterns of Lutzomyia eggs and in the distinction of the sand fly species.     

Ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional area in the heart of Molossus molossus Pallas 1766 (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

The atrioventricular junctional area (AVJA) consists of a group of structures that connects the atrial and ventricular myocardium. Five hearts of an insect-eating bat were studied in light and transmission electron microscopy. In M. molossus, the AVJA consists in a mass of muscle fibers intermingled with variable amount of connective tissue and blood vessels surrounded by the adjacent myocardium and the attachment of the right atrioventricular and aortic valves in the fibrous skeleton. In light microscopy, conducting cells of the AV node and bundle can be distinguished from working cells: smaller size, paler staining reaction and the presence of e sheath of connective tissue surrounding each cell (largely composition by type I collagen fibers). Three cell types are observed in the AVJA. Nodal cells are irregular with few cytoplasmic organelles and several slender sarcolemmal modifications. Myofibrils are sparse and not clearly observable. Transitional cells are spindle-shaped and grouped together into bundles. The cytoplasm, poor in glycogen, has scarce electron-density and myofibrils organized into sarcomeres. Caveolae is observed randomly distributed at the periphery of the cell. The AV bundle cells are elongated with clusters of myofibrils organized in the periphery and a glycogen free area around the nucleus. Ventricular cells are bigger than the atrial ones and show well-developed myofibrils in alternated rows with mitochondria. Lipid droplets are seen near mitochondria and glycogen granules. Intercalated discs and T-tubules are found in working cells but not in conducting ones. The fibrous skeleton has collagen fibers intercalated with fibroblasts.     

青海省2011—2020年60岁以上老年肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及影响因素分析

目的 分析青海省2011—2020年老年肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及影响因素,为今后科学有效防治老年结核病提供科学依据。方法 分析描述青海省2011—2020年老年肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及变化趋势,采用单因素卡方检验、多因素logistic回归对老年肺结核患者就诊延迟影响因素进行分析。结果 青海省2011—2020年老年肺结核患者10004例,就诊延迟6146例,就诊天数中位数为22（8,56）,就诊延迟率为61.44%;2011—2020年,整体呈下降趋势（x2趋势=427.926,P<0.001）,不同性别（男性x2趋势=243.848,P<0.001;女性x2趋势=185.402,P<0.001）和年龄组（≤<70岁x2趋势=281.925,P<0.001;70~80岁x2趋势=123.219,P<0.001;>80岁x2趋势=20.175,P<0.001）患者就诊延迟率也均呈下降趋势;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与汉族、本地户籍、因症就诊、Ⅰ型肺结核患者相比,其他少数民族（OR=1.308, 95% CI: 1.177~1.454）、因症推荐（OR=1.392, 95% CI: 1.108~1.749）、Ⅱ型（OR=3.314, 95% CI: 2.071~5.302）、Ⅲ型（OR=3.149, 95% CI: 2.104~4.713）、Ⅳ型（OR=2.695, 95% CI: 1.741~4.171）患者发生就诊延迟风险较高,流动人口（OR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.631~0.792）、转诊（OR=0.658, 95% CI: 0.597~0.726）、追踪（OR=0.873, 95% CI: 0.778~0.980）患者发生就诊延迟风险较低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 青海省2011—2020年老年肺结核患者就诊延迟率较高,民族、户籍、患者来源和诊断分型是就诊延迟的影响因素。     

犬胸部爆炸伤后海水浸泡的实验模型建立及早期救治结果分析

目的：建立犬海水浸泡胸部爆炸伤实验模型,探讨早期救治结果。方法：20只成年杂犬随机分为爆炸伤组（n=10)和锐器伤组（n=10)。两组动物均于致伤后浸泡在人工配制的海水中25min,而后打捞出海水环境后予以紧急救治。实验中全程监血液动力学呼吸系统和动脉血气变化。结果：海水浸泡后爆炸伤组的伤情明显重于脱器伤组,经救治后两组生存时间均明显延长,但锐器伤组更为明显。结论：本胸部爆炸伤模型是可行的并且重复性好,创伤后造成的呼吸循环功能变化与临床所见相符,适用于海水浸泡胸部开放伤的早期病理生理研究。爆炸伤的伤情更为严重,除严重电解质紊乱和高渗血症外,严重的肺损伤可能是影响生存时间的重要原因之一。     

抗心脏β_1和M_2受体自身抗体与老年扩张型心肌病(英文)

目的　观测抗心脏 β1和M2 受体的自身抗体和老年扩张型心肌病 (EDCM)的相关性。方法　分别以 β1和M2 受体细胞外第二环 197- 2 2 2和 16 9- 173氨基酸序列的合成肽作为抗原 ,来检测老年扩张型心肌病患者的血清 (EDCM组 ,n =32 ) ,以健康人血清为正常对照 (NC组 ,n =2 0 )。结果　EDCM组抗 β1受体自身抗体的阳性率为 37.5 % (12 / 32 ) ,NC组为 5 .0 %(1/ 2 0 ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;EDCM组抗M2 受体自身抗体的阳性率为 40 .6 % (13/ 32 ) ,NC组为 10 .0 % (2 / 2 0 ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;心功能II-III级患者两种受体的阳性率是心功能IV级的 2倍或以上。结论　抗心脏 β1与M2 受体自身抗体的产生与老年EDCM有关 ,推测这两种自身抗体可能参与老年EDCM患者心肌重构和 /或心力衰竭的病理生理过程。     

国产甲磺酸多沙唑嗪Ⅰ期临床耐受性试验

目的：评价国产多沙唑嗪片剂口服的耐受性,为临床应用的剂量范围提供依据。方法：24例健康成年人,随机分为五组,分别单次口服1mg,2mg,4mg,6mg,8mg多沙唑嗪片,观察服药前,服药后2,4,6,8,10和24小时的坐,卧,立位血压,心率变化及不良反应,服药前及服药后24小时验血,尿常规及肝肾功能,心电图,结果：多沙唑嗪2－8mg口服均有明显降压作用,体位性低血压 其主要不良反应, 总发生率达70．83％,伴随头军,恶心,心悸,耳鸣等不适,发生率与用药剂量明显正相关,6mg组发生晖厥1例,平卧后意识立即恢复,无后遗症状,其他不良反应有头痛和鼻塞,均轻微,在试验剂量范围内对肝肾功能无明显影响。血WBC有轻度降低,结论：多沙唑唪口服推荐2－4mg,每日1次。首次服药注意体位性低血压发生。     

水—DMF—NaCl系统活度系数和粘度测定

利用电池电动势法测定了298.15K下NaCl在不同DMF含量的水－DMF混合溶剂中的活度系数。结果表明,随着混合溶剂中DMF含量的增加NaCl的活度系数减小,测定了水－DMF－NaCl混合物在不同温度下的粘度。     

上海市长宁区中老年妇女慢性病现况调查

目的 了解中老年女慢性病患病状况,为社区中老年妇女的疾病预防、健康促进及制定中老年卫生政策提供科学依据。方法 采用入户调查的方式,对上海市长宁区75368名40－69岁中老年妇女常见慢性病患病率及常见关联因素,进行了结构式问卷调查。结果 在长宁区中老年妇女中,各种常见慢性病患病率居前5位的依次为高血压（23．9％）、慢性胃炎（19．7％）、冠心病（7．4％）、肿瘤（6．5％）和糖尿病（4．4％）。常见恶性肿瘤中,乳腺癌患病率最高（750／10万）,其次是胃癌（130／10万）。影响慢性病患病率的因素包括年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒及饮茶等。结论 社区卫生工作应从健康教育入手,积极开展老年病防治工作。卫生部门应关注人口老龄化带来的新问题,积极提高中老年妇女的健康状况。