上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构《医疗美容管理办法》知晓情况调查

目的了解上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构的管理人员和医师对《医疗美容管理办法》相关内容的掌握情况,发现存在的问题并提出改善建议.方法采用现场调查与现场问卷调查相结合的方式,对在上海市黄浦区开展医疗美容科目的所有社会办医疗机构(共计38家)进行全覆盖现场调查,并对其中的管理人员41人、相关医师31人进行问卷调查.结果38家社会办医疗美容机构中,美容外科和美容皮肤科的开展率较高,分别为96.8%和97.2%,而美容牙科开展率为52.4%,美容中医科开展率最低(25.0%).管理人员关于非主诊医师可在主诊医师指导下工作的知晓率仅68.3%.关于美容外科、皮肤科、中医科、牙科主诊医师应具备的工作年限,管理人员答对率为90.2%,医师答对率为72.0%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论社会办医疗美容机构中的二级科目设置需进一步优化,以减少资源空置.应加强对医疗机构管理人员和医师的法律培训,改变经营模式,制定明确的准入与退出机制,从而减少违法违规行为的发生.     

肌少症对老年肝癌术后恢复及预后的影响

目的:肌少症对老年肝癌术后恢复及预后的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年12月收治的114例老年肝癌，根据有无合并肌少症，分为肌少症组（n=35）和非肌少症组（n=79）。比较两组患者的术后恢复及生存情况。结果:肌少症组总并发症发生率、住院时间和30 d再入院率均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肌少症组中位生存时间为25.9个月，1年、2年、3年累积总生存率为74.3%、51.1%、24.5%，而非肌少症组中位生存时间为35.7个月，1年、2年、3年累积总生存率为87.3%、75.6%、49.4%，差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。单因素分析结果显示，老年肝癌术后预后与Charlson合并症指数（CCI）、肌少症、巴塞罗那分期（BCLC）、甲胎蛋白、肿瘤大小、肿瘤个数、肿瘤分化程度、微血管侵犯（MVI）相关（P＜0.05）。Cox多因素分析结果显示，CCI、肌少症、BCLC分期、肿瘤个数、MVI是老年肝癌术后预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:肌少症会增加老年肝癌患者术后并发症发生率，延长住院时间，影响术后恢复，同时也会降低总生存率。     

莱菔硫烷促进神经胶质瘤细胞凋亡的机制探讨

目的探讨莱菔硫烷(SFN)促进神经胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法与流式细胞法检测不同浓度的SFN对神经胶质瘤U251细胞系生长的抑制作用,测定半数抑制浓度,空白对照设为对照组;采用Western blot研究SFN对U251细胞内Cyt-c的表达情况。结果不同浓度SFN组A值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同浓度SFN均对U251细胞生长有一定抑制作用,12.5μmol/l、25μmol/l、50μmol/l、100μmol/l浓度的SFN对U251细胞生长抑制率逐渐增强,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但100μmol/l与200μmol/l浓度的SFN对U251细胞生长抑制率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同浓度SFN诱导细胞凋亡率及Cyt-c蛋白表达均显著高于对照组,且随着SFN浓度递增,U251细胞凋亡率、Cyt-c蛋白表达逐渐增加,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SFN可能参与神经胶质瘤细胞的凋亡过程,表现为诱导凋亡U251细胞,可能与Cyt-c表达增高存在关系。     

A Multi-Scale DNN Algorithm for Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with Multiple Scales

Algorithms based on deep neural networks (DNNs) have attracted increasing attention from the scientific computing community. DNN based algorithms are easy to implement, natural for nonlinear problems, and have shown great potential to overcome the curse of dimensionality. In this work, we utilize the multi-scale DNN-based algorithm (MscaleDNN) proposed by Liu, Cai and Xu (2020) to solve multi-scale elliptic problems with possible nonlinearity, for example, the p-Laplacian problem. We improve the MscaleDNN algorithm by a smooth and localized activation function. Several numerical examples of multi-scale elliptic problems with separable or non-separable scales in low-dimensional and high-dimensional Euclidean spaces are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the MscaleDNN numerical scheme.     

Comparison of Laparoscopic-Assisted Operations and Laparotomy Operations for the Treatment of Hirschsprung Disease: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the relative merits among laparoscopic-assisted operations and laparotomy operations for patients with Hirschsprung disease.PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases were searched for the related articles. We analyzed dichotomous variables by estimating odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and continuous variables using the weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95% CI. The random-effects model (REM) was used to combine the results. The outcome measures included operating time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay (LOHS), mean first bowel movement (MFBM), and number of complications.Sixteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. These studies involved a total of 774 patients, 396 of whom underwent laparoscopic-assisted operations and 378 of whom underwent laparotomy operations. The EBL (WMD = −1.48, 95% CI = −1.82, −1.13), LOHS (WMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −0.86, −0.49), MFBM (WMD = −0.83, 95% CI = −1.05, −0.61), and number of complications (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.89) were significantly lower in laparoscopic-assisted operations than in laparotomy operations. The OT (WMD = 0.12, 95% CI = −0.05, 0.28) showed no significant differences between laparoscopic-assisted operations and laparotomy operations.Compared with laparotomy operations, laparoscopic-assisted operations are generally safer and more reliable for patients with Hirschsprung disease.     

潮湿相关性皮炎病理特征及护理研究进展

对潮湿相关性皮炎的概念、危险因素、国内外发生率进行简要介绍。从皮肤长期接触水分导致浸渍，化学、物理、生物等因素在疾病发展过程中产生的作用进行综述，以增强对潮湿相关性皮炎病理机制的认识;从发病机制视角综述目前局部护理新进展，包括避免与水分长期接触、清洁、保湿、皮肤保护、使用温和的产品5个方面，旨在为相关研究及临床实践提供参考。