The dental caries status and dental treatment patterns of 12-year-old children in Hong Kong

A randomly selected sample of 662 12-year-old Hong Kong children, 529 of whom were Southern Chinese and 133 non-Chinese, was clinically examined for dental caries. The DMFT values were 2.76 and 1.66 for the Chinese and non-Chinese children, respectively. The D component for the Chinese children was 2.12, while for the non-Chinese children it was only 0.45. Approximately 24.0% of the Chinese children had attended the dentist because they were in pain. Only 3.8% of the Chinese children had sought orthodontic or preventive treatment, compared with 24.0% of the non-Chinese children. Although these findings indicate the caries experience to be well below the FDI/WHO global goal for the year 2000, there is a great need to increase the level of dental awareness among Chinese children.     

行业盛会,将世界浓缩共同发展,会八方朋友——记第56届中国国际医疗器械秋季博览会暨第3届中国国际医疗器械设计与制造技术展览会

2006年10月31日,对于郑州和医疗器械行业是一个好日子,因为第56届中国国际医疗器械秋季博览会暨第3届中国国际医疗器械设计与制造技术展览会在期待和掌声中于郑州国际会展中心隆重开幕。这个以其造型新颖别致,富有强烈的时代感和现代感而成为郑州的标志性建筑的展览馆在金秋时节又一次盛装迎来了国内外客人。国家食品药品监督管理局医疗器械司副司长常永亨、总后卫生部药品器材局副局长石虹、国家发改委价格司医药价格处处长郭剑英等来自行业主管单位的领导,河南省省长史济春、郑州市市长赵建才、原河南省人大副主任钟力生、河南省药监局副…     

Deliberate hypotension in orthopedic surgery reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PURPOSE: To determine if deliberate hypotension decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, a systematic review of all randomized trials addressing this issue was undertaken. METHODS: Electronic databases, citations lists and review articles were searched for potential articles. Relevant articles met the following inclusion criteria: English language, humans undergoing orthopedic surgery, deliberate hypotension used by any method, intraoperative blood loss measured as an outcome, and the trial methodology being randomized and controlled. Four outcomes were analyzed, including estimated blood loss, blood transfused, surgery duration, and quality of the surgical field. For all analyses, the random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The surgeries studied included total hip arthroplasty (seven), orthognathic surgery (eight), total knee arthroplasty (one) and spinal fusion (one). A total of 636 patients were randomized across all studies. For blood loss, the overall weighted mean difference favoured treatment, with a savings of about 287 mL of blood [95% confidence interval (CI): -447, -127]. The mean differences also showed a statistically significant benefit for deliberate hypotension in reducing transfusion requirements (-667 mL of blood transfused; 95% CI: -963, -370). Deliberate hypotension was not shown to reduce the duration of surgery (-1.9 min of surgery; 95% CI: -7.2, 3.5) or improve surgical conditions (surgical field quality rating -0.5; 95% CI: -1.1, 0.2). CONCLUSION: This review provides some support for the use of deliberate hypotension in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthopedic surgery, but these results are tempered by the small sample sizes and poor methodological quality of published studies.     

Reduced expression of CD69 and adhesion molecules of T lymphocytes in asthmatic children receiving immunotherapy

T lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of chronic inflammatory responses in patients with asthma. CD69 is an early marker of T‐cell activation. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) and L ‐selectin have been reported to increase in patients with allergic diseases and asthma. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the expression of CD69, CD54, and L ‐selectin by T lymphocytes of children with asthma, before and after immunotherapy. Eighteen children newly diagnosed with asthma, 11 good and nine poor responders to immunotherapy, and 16 normal subjects, were enrolled in this study. The percentages of CD69⁺, CD54⁺, and CD62L⁺ cells in T lymphocytes were measured by using flow cytometry. The levels of CD69, CD54, and CD62L in serum and culture supernatants were determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CD69 and CD54 on CD3⁺ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in children with asthma than in control patients. All the patient groups expressed (spontaneously and following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin together with mite‐extract proteins) greater amounts of CD69 and CD54 than did control subjects. With long‐term immunotherapy, the percentages of CD69⁺ and CD54⁺ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with a good response to immunotherapy. Our results also showed significantly lower serum L ‐selectin levels following immunotherapy. In conclusion, successful immunotherapy resulted in decreased expression and production of CD69 and CD54. These results may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.     

Compensatory adaptation of the heart to chronic rate overload: increase in calcium transport ATPase activity of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a compensatory response of the heart to a chronic and continuous, metabolic and heart rate overload was an increase in the calcium sequestering activity of the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium sequestering activity was estimated by determination of the calcium-dependent ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) activity of isolated microsomes. Chronic rate overload was modelled by comparing: dysthyroid and control rats; control swine and swine with implanted cardiac pacemakers set at 180 beats/min; and different species of mammals with widely different heart rates. The myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump activity was significantly increased by 39% for hyperthyroid rats compared to control rats and by 87% for control rats compared to thyroidectomized rats; by 63% for paced swine compared to control swine; and by 43% for rats compared to guinea pigs, by 140% for guinea pigs compared to dogs and by 120% for dogs compared to cows. These data indicate that calcium sequestering activity of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum increases in equivalent proportion to the chronotropic demand and that heart rate is a hemodynamic correlate of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity.     

授权影印西文书的特点及其机读目录的著录方法

对授权影印书的特点进行了分析，并对其机读目录著录方法和需要注意的问题进行了论述。     

Effect of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on IL-laand IL-6 secretion by rat Sertoli cells

Objective: To observe the effect of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection on the IL-1α and IL-6 secretion by rat Sertoli cells. Methods: Eight 20-day-old UU-free male SD rats (average weight 40 g) were used. Under sterile condition, the testes were removed and separately digested with collagenase typeⅡand hyaluronidase. High purity Sertoli cells were then isolated and adjusted to a concentration of 8×105/mL with DMEM/Ham's F-12. In the infected group, 1 mL Sertoli cell suspension and 100 mL UU (serotype 8, T960) were introduced into one well of a 24 well culture plate. In the control group, 1 mL Sertoli cell suspension and 100 mL medium were introduced. IL-1αand IL-6 were determined in the culture supernatant with ELISA. Results: The production of IL-1αwas significantly lower and of IL-6 significantly higher in the infected than those in the control groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: UU infection reduces the IL-1αand increases the IL-6 secretion by rat Sertoli cells. UU infection is probably involved in     

小儿头孢菌素致抗生素相关性腹泻64例分析

目的了解头孢菌素导致抗生素相关性腹泻的基本情况。方法对64例头孢菌素致抗生素相关性腹泻进行临床观察。结果本组头孢菌素致抗生素相关性腹泻以6个月～3岁年龄组发生率最高。其中第3代头孢菌素所致抗生素相关性腹泻的腹泻程度重于第1代。临床表现和实验室检查均缺乏特异性。结论头孢菌素致抗生素相关性腹泻比较常见,应引起临床医师在用药时的重视。     

Ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the brain and hypophysis of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

The ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH)-like immunoreactive (gamma-MSHI) structures in the brain and hypophysis was investigated in the rat by means of indirect immunofluorescence. gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus appeared at Day 13 of gestation, in the anterior hypophysis at Day 16, in the intermediate lobe at Day 18, and in the nucleus commissuralis after birth. gamma-MSHI fibers first appeared at Day 15 of gestation in the hypothalamic area and extended dorsally to reach the surface of the diencephalon. At Day 16 of gestation, another gamma-MSHI fiber bundle was found that ran laterally along the ventral surface of the diencephalon. At Day 19, immunoreactive fibers first appeared in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain and upper pons, and thereafter they increased in number, reaching a maximum at postnatal Day 15. gamma-MSHI fibers in the lower pons and medulla oblongata first appeared after birth. They also increased in number with age and reached a maximum at postnatal Day 15. The present ontogenetical study has demonstrated the different times of first appearance of each of the 3 major gamma-MSHI structures-containing cell groups in the brain, i.e., the arcuate nucleus, hypophysis and nucleus commissuralis. These findings may reflect the different functions of 3 groups of cells.     

流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓微转移

目的　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移。方法　骨髓经Ficoll梯度离心分离单核细胞后,用细胞角蛋白 19(Cytokeratin, CK19)单克隆抗体染色,应用流式细胞仪检测。结果　检测了 96例肺癌患者骨髓,发现 25例患者骨髓中有微转移。20例肺良性病变患者、10例正常人骨髓均无微转移。肺癌患者阳性率与患者病理分期、分化程度和细胞组织学类型密切相关 (P<0. 05)。结论　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移,有助于肺癌的综合治疗。