全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34027篇 |
免费 | 2364篇 |
国内免费 | 1062篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 356篇 |
儿科学 | 443篇 |
妇产科学 | 382篇 |
基础医学 | 5227篇 |
口腔科学 | 519篇 |
临床医学 | 3488篇 |
内科学 | 5516篇 |
皮肤病学 | 819篇 |
神经病学 | 2403篇 |
特种医学 | 1763篇 |
外国民族医学 | 5篇 |
外科学 | 3852篇 |
综合类 | 2622篇 |
现状与发展 | 7篇 |
一般理论 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 1864篇 |
眼科学 | 856篇 |
药学 | 3508篇 |
16篇 | |
中国医学 | 1063篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2735篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 60篇 |
2023年 | 416篇 |
2022年 | 1092篇 |
2021年 | 1509篇 |
2020年 | 862篇 |
2019年 | 944篇 |
2018年 | 1078篇 |
2017年 | 862篇 |
2016年 | 1097篇 |
2015年 | 1527篇 |
2014年 | 1845篇 |
2013年 | 2017篇 |
2012年 | 2863篇 |
2011年 | 2949篇 |
2010年 | 1740篇 |
2009年 | 1460篇 |
2008年 | 2024篇 |
2007年 | 1916篇 |
2006年 | 1703篇 |
2005年 | 1599篇 |
2004年 | 1260篇 |
2003年 | 1070篇 |
2002年 | 887篇 |
2001年 | 714篇 |
2000年 | 743篇 |
1999年 | 593篇 |
1998年 | 303篇 |
1997年 | 259篇 |
1996年 | 207篇 |
1995年 | 185篇 |
1994年 | 158篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 171篇 |
1991年 | 178篇 |
1990年 | 147篇 |
1989年 | 129篇 |
1988年 | 105篇 |
1987年 | 95篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 66篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 42篇 |
1982年 | 47篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 33篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treatingt-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate andt-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate withp-toluenesulfonic acid in CH3CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at bothin vitro andex vivo levels. It was found fromin vitro measurements that(E)-p-NTCP at 6.0×10?5M elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast,(E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with IC50 values, 2.5×10?7M and 1.4×10?6M, respectively. It was also noted from(E)-m-NTCP thatm-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According toex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by(E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas,(E)-p-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between(E)-m-NTCP and(E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects ofm-andp-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions. 相似文献
72.
目的 探讨胃癌根治术术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的相关危险因素,为PPCs的个体化防治提供相应的对策。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月兰州大学第二医院普通外科443例胃癌患者的临床资料,统计患者的临床病理特征,采用二分类Logistic回归分析胃癌根治术PPCs的危险因素。 结果 443例胃癌根治术PPCs的发生率为18.1%(80/443),其中肺部感染的发生率为12.4%(55/443),胸腔积液的发生率为11.7%(52/443),发生PPCs较未发生PPCs住院时间延长。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=0.424、95%CI: 0.241~0.746)、糖尿病史(OR=0.318、95%CI: 0.146~0.693)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)(%)<85%(OR=0.509、95%CI: 0.297~0.874)、术中失血量≥200 mL(OR=0.496、95%CI: 0.276~0.797)和术后吻合口并发症(OR=4.038、95%CI: 1.250~13.049)是胃癌根治术发生PPCs的独立危险因素。 结论 对于年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、MVV(%)<85%、术中失血量≥200 mL、术后吻合口并发症的胃癌患者,应注意预防PPCs的发生。 相似文献
73.
Direct visualization and cellular localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in rat forebrain by use of fluorescent ligands. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
M A Ariano F J Monsma Jr A C Barton H C Kang R P Haugland D R Sibley 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1989,86(21):8570-8574
The regional and cellular localization of the two subtypes of dopamine receptors, D1 and D2, have been ascertained in rat forebrain by use of fluorescent dopaminergic antagonist ligands. (R,S)-5-(4'-aminophenyl)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3- methyl-[1H]-3-benzazepin-7-ol, the 4'-amino derivative of the high-affinity D1-specific antagonist SCH 23390, and the D2 selective antagonist N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiperone were chemically derivatized using the fluorescent compound tetramethylrhodamine. The modification of these antagonist ligands has allowed the specific, cellular resolution of the D1 and D2 receptor binding sites in intact, highly organized regions of forebrain slices in a very rapid experimental time frame. The regional localization of receptors labeled by the fluorescent probes is in agreement with previous receptor autoradiography studies. Moreover, the specific cellular binding patterns for both receptors can now be compared and contrasted to one another in the same tissue by using these fluorescent ligands. D1 receptor sites are most evident within the striatum and exhibit regions of intense "patch" fluorescence corresponding to receptor reactivity in cells and their processes. The distribution of D1 receptor binding is highly analogous to the pattern of dopamine terminal histofluorescence in the caudate nucleus. D2 receptor sites are less prevalent overall and may be localized to a subpopulation of the D1 fluorescent neurons in the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens regions. 相似文献
74.
75.
Background
The effect of the changes in the femoral posterior condylar offset (PCO) on anterior–posterior (AP) translation and internal–external (IE) rotation in cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics in CR and PS TKA with respect to the difference in prosthetic design and PCO change through a computational simulation.Methods
We developed three-dimensional finite element models with the different PCOs of ± 1, ± 2 and ± 3?mm in the posterior direction using CR and PS TKA. We performed the simulation with different PCOs under a deep knee bend condition and evaluated the kinematics for the AP and IE in CR and PS TKA.Results
The more tibiofemoral (TF) translation in the posterior direction was found as PCO translated in posterior direction for both CR and PS TKA compared to the neutral position. However, the change of the AP translation with respect to the PCO change in CR TKA was greater than PS TKA. The more TF external rotation was found as PCO translated in the anterior direction for both CR and PS TKA compared to the neutral position. However, unlike the TF translation, the TF rotation was not influenced by the PCO change in both CR and PS TKA.Conclusion
The PCO magnitude was influenced by a postoperative change in the kinematics in CR TKA although a relatively smaller effect was observed in PS TKA. Hence, surgeons should be aware of the PCO change, especially for CR TKA. 相似文献76.
明胶-聚乳酸载药纳米微球的制备及其体外释药研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
采用复合乳液—溶剂挥发法制得明胶—聚乳酸载五氟脲嘧啶(5—Fu)微球,以混合型乳化剂Tween—80:Span—80=5:1—作为初乳乳化剂,O—羧甲基壳聚糖作为复乳乳化剂,考察了明胶—聚乳酸载药微球的制备条件对微球的成球性、药物包封率及体外释药的影响。结果表明乳化剂的选择、内部水相药物浓度和PLA分子量等均对载药微球的结构与性能产生影响,经优化条件得到了成球性和体外释放都比较好的载药微球。 相似文献
77.
门静脉的体表定位及其临床意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:为超声波检查门静脉或经皮经肝门静脉穿刺提供解剖学基础。方法:在40例成人尸体标本上观测了门静脉的行程及其分叉位置的体表投影。结果:门静脉肝外段与身体的垂线呈约40°角;门静脉分叉位置在经右半胸宽中点的垂线与右锁骨中线上肝高中点的水平线的交点附近;门静脉右支分为前、后支的位置在剑突尖平面下方约2cm,右锁骨中线上肝高的中点附近;门静脉左支分出第1外侧支的位置在剑突尖稍下方的右侧约2cm。结论:在右腋中线剑突尖平面下方约2cm经皮经肝穿刺至锁骨中线,导管即可进入门静脉右支内 相似文献
78.
Gao HZ Kobayashi K Tabata A Tsuge H Iijima M Yasuda T Kalkanoglu HS Dursun A Tokatli A Coskun T Trefz FK Skladal D Mandel H Seidel J Kodama S Shirane S Ichida T Makino S Yoshino M Kang JH Mizuguchi M Barshop BA Fuchinoue S Seneca S Zeesman S Knerr I Rodés M Wasant P Yoshida I De Meirleir L Abdul Jalil M Begum L Horiuchi M Katunuma N Nakagawa S Saheki T 《Human mutation》2003,22(1):24-34
Classical citrullinemia (CTLN1), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutations of the argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) gene, localized on chromosome 9q34.1. ASS functions as a rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle. Previously, we identified 32 mutations in the ASS gene of CTLN1 patients mainly in Japan and the United States, and to date 34 different mutations have been described in 50 families worldwide. In the present study, we report ASS mutations detected in 35 additional CTLN1 families from 11 countries. By analyzing the entire coding sequence and the intron-exon boundaries of the ASS gene using RT-PCR and/or genomic DNA-PCR, we have identified 16 novel mutations (two different 1-bp deletions, a 67-bp insertion, and 13 missense) and have detected 12 known mutations. Altogether, 50 different mutations (seven deletion, three splice site, one duplication, two nonsense, and 37 missense) in 85 CTLN1 families were identified. On the basis of primary sequence comparisons with the crystal structure of E. coli ASS protein, it may be concluded that any of the 37 missense mutations found at 30 different positions led to structural and functional impairments of the human ASS protein. It has been found that three mutations are particularly frequent: IVS6-2A>G in 23 families (Japan: 20 and Korea: three), G390R in 18 families (Turkey: six, U.S.: five, Spain: three, Israel: one, Austria: one, Canada: one, and Bolivia: one), and R304W in 10 families (Japan: nine and Turkey: one). Most mutations of the ASS gene are "private" and are distributed throughout the gene, except for exons 5 and 12-14. It seems that the clinical course of the patients with truncated mutations or the G390R mutation is early-onset/severe. The phenotype of the patients with certain missense mutations (G362V or W179R) is more late-onset/mild. Eight patients with R86H, A118T, R265H, or K310R mutations were adult/late-onset and four of them showed severe symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum. However, it is still difficult to prove the genotype-phenotype correlation, because many patients were compound heterozygotes (with two different mutations), lived in different environments at the time of diagnosis, and/or had several treatment regimes or various knowledge of the disease. 相似文献
79.
80.