Immunohistochemical evaluation of a panel of tumor cell markers during malignant progression in Barrett esophagus

Histopathologic grading of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus (BE) shows substantial interobserver and intraobserver variation. We used immunohistochemical analysis with a set of tumor cell markers, ie, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ERBB2 (HER2/neu), MYC, CDKN2A (p16), SMAD4, MET, CCND1 (cyclin D1), CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), and TP53 (p53), in histologic sections of endoscopic biopsies of 86 patients with BE in various stages of neoplastic progression. The markers, except SMAD4, were scored as 0 (<1% of cells stained), 1 (1%-25%), 2 (26%-50%), or 3 (>50%). All markers, except EGFR, showed a significant trend for immunohistochemical protein overexpression during malignant progression in BE (P <.01). When the successive stages along the metaplasia-low-grade dysplasia (LGD)-high-grade dysplasia (HGD)-adenocarcinoma axis were compared, protein overexpression of beta-catenin separated LGD from metaplasia, whereas protein overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 discriminated HGD from LGD (all P <.001). beta-Catenin can be helpful for a diagnosis of LGD in BE, although it stains positively in a subset only, whereas p53 remains an appropriate marker to define HGD. In case of doubt, cyclin D1 can be added to separate LGD from HGD in BE.     

地西泮-聚羟基丁酸酯-羟基戊酸酯共聚物缓释微球制备与性质

目的 :探索以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯 羟基戊酸酯共聚物 (PHBV)为载体的地西泮药物中长期缓释微球制备工艺 ;方法 :以溶剂蒸发法制备微球 ,用扫描电镜SEM观察微球表面及内部横断面形态结构 ;结果 :微球的平均粒径为 3 0 .5μm ,平均载药量 (1 8.66± 0 .2 3 ) % ,包封率 (80 .85± 1 .0 1 ) %。体外释放第一天呈突释效应 ,而后药物释放基本符合零级动力学过程 .其释放曲线方程为 Q =2 0 .55 2 .3 99t,r=0 .9569;结论 :开发与研制PHBV为载体的中长期缓释微球具有较好应用前景。