二氧化碳气腹对肿瘤细胞生长和播散影响的研究

目的　研究静脉使用 5 %NaHCO3 纠正CO2 气腹造成的酸中毒能否改善其对肿瘤细胞的促生长和播散作用。方法　观察静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 的CO2 气腹组、CO2 气腹组及对照组带瘤Wister大鼠的肿瘤生长及穿刺点转移情况。结果　静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 的CO2 气腹组、CO2 气腹组及对照组肿瘤的重量、体积和腹水体积有差异 ,但无统计学意义。穿刺点转移率无明显差异。结论　CO2 气腹影响肿瘤细胞生长和播散的机制复杂 ,不能完全以CO2 引起机体酸中毒解释。未找到通过静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 可改善CO2 气腹对肿瘤细胞生长影响的基础理论依据。     

Overuse of organ biopsies in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL): the consequence of failure of early recognition

Introduction: The diagnosis of amyloidosis requires histological confirmation of Congo-red (CR) deposits. The tissue source is preferably fat aspiration and/or bone marrow (BM) biopsy, but at times organ biopsy is required.

Methods: We studied 612 patients with systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis to characterise the tissues used to establish the diagnosis.

Results: The median number of tissue samples was 3. About 95% of BM biopsies were stained for CR, while 79% of patients had fat aspiration CR-stained. CR stain sensitivity was 69% in BM, 75% in fat aspiration and 89% for both sources combined. In comparison, CR sensitivity was 97–100% for heart, renal and liver biopsies. About 42% of patients with renal involvement, 21% of patients with liver involvement and 13% of patients with heart involvement underwent organ biopsy, when a less invasive biopsy would have established the diagnosis. Predictors for the requirement for organ biopsy were male sex, limited organ involvement and lack of fat aspiration.

Discussion: Fat aspiration is underutilised for histologic confirmation of amyloidosis. A high rate of organ biopsies represents a failure to recognise the disease. Early awareness of amyloidosis in patients with organ dysfunction may lead to more judicious use of organ biopsies in this disease.

• Key messages

• Fat pad aspiration is underutilised to establish the diagnosis of amyloidosis.

• Bone marrow and fat pad aspiration obviates the need for invasive biopsies.

• The excessive use of organ biopsy in AL amyloidosis reflects failure to recognise the disease early in its course.