路志正调理脾胃治疗胸痹的学术思想浅析

全国著名中医学家路志正教授精通中医典籍,对脾胃学说的研究造诣尤深,行医60余年,形成一套独特的临床经验.路老师善用调理脾胃治疗多种疑难杂症,其中运用调理脾胃法辨治胸痹是其学术思想和临床经验的组成部分.现就笔者学习心得简介如下.     

大鼠脑缺血后脑内MPO、NSE活性变化

目的 通过测定大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌流后不同时点脑组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)活性的变化,探讨炎症反应与脑缺血损伤的关系.方法 用线栓法制备大鼠左侧大脑中动脉缺血-再灌流模型,检测缺血3h再灌流后6h、12h、24h、48h、72h和7d脑组织中MPO和NSE活性、脑梗死体积的变化.结果 缺血组脑组织中NSE和MPO活性升高,再灌流后48h的NSE为(5.44±0.95)ng/ml,MPO为4.49±0.22;72h分别为(5.36±0.65)ng/l和5.96±0.19,升高最为明显.脑梗死体积随再灌流时间延长而增加,第7d梗死体积百分比为(39.18±0.63)%.局灶性缺血脑组织中MPO活性与组织损伤(NSE活性)间具有高度正相关性.结论 炎症反应是加重脑缺血损伤的重要因素.     

Saroclazines A–C,thio-diketopiperazines from mangrove-derived fungi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sarocladium kiliense</Emphasis> HDN11-84

Three new diketopiperazine derivatives (DKPs), saroclazines A–C (1–3) along with three known DKPs (4–6) were isolated from mangrove-derived fungi Sarocladium kiliense HDN11-84. Saroclazines A–B (1 and 2) possessed a free amide structure, which was first found in sulfur-containing aromatic DKPs. Their structures were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS and X-ray. The cytotoxic activity of new compounds (1–3) was tested against HeLa cell lines, among which compound 2 showed an IC₅₀ value of 4.2 µM.     

Clinical and other specialty services offered by pharmacists in the community: the international arena and Israel

The community pharmacy setting is a venue that is readily accessible to the public. In addition, it is staffed by a pharmacist, who is a healthcare provider, trained and capable of delivering comprehensive pharmaceutical care. As such, community pharmacists have a colossal opportunity to serve as key contributors to patients’ health by ensuring appropriate use of medications, preventing medication misadventures, identifying drug-therapy needs, as well as by being involved in disease management, screening, and prevention programs. This unique position gives the pharmacist the privilege and duty to serve patients in roles other than solely that of the stereotypical drug dispenser.Worldwide, as well as in Israel, pharmacists already offer a variety of pharmaceutical services and tend to patients’ and the healthcare system’s needs. This article provides examples of professional, clinical or other specialty services offered by community pharmacists around the world and in Israel and describes these interventions as well as the evidence for their efficacy. Examples of such activities which were recently introduced to the Israeli pharmacy landscape due to legislative changes which expanded the pharmacist’s scope of practice include emergency supply of medications, pharmacists prescribing, and influenza vaccination. Despite the progress already made, further expansion of these opportunities is warranted but challenging. Independent prescribing, as practiced in the United Kingdom or collaborative drug therapy management programs, as practiced in the United States, expansion of vaccination programs, or wide-spread recognition and reimbursement for medication therapy management (MTM) programs are unrealized opportunities. Obstacles such as time constraints, lack of financial incentives, inadequate facilities and technology, and lack of professional buy-in, and suggested means for overcoming these challenges are also discussed.     

Improving research and policy interactions requires a better understanding of what works in different contexts

There is keen interest in many jurisdictions in finding ways to improve the way that research evidence informs policy. One possible mechanism for this is to embed academics within government agencies either as advisers or full staff members. Our commentary argues that, in addition to considering the role of academics in government as proposed by Glied and colleagues, we need to understand better how research and policy interactions function across policy sectors. We believe more comparative research is needed to understand if and why academics from certain disciplines are more likely to be recruited to work in some policy sectors rather than others. We caution against treating government as monolithic by advocating the same model for collaborative interaction between academics and government. Lastly, we contend that contextualized research is needed to illuminate important drivers of research and policy interactions before we can recommend what is likely to be more and less effective in different policy sectors.