前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌诊治特点分析

Objective To review the clinical features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPCa). Methods The ages of 4 cases were 25-77 years. Four cases had progressive dysuria with 2 cases had chronic urinary retention and 2 had upper urinary tract hydronephrosis. On admission, all cases were palpated a hard prostate mass in digital rectal examination. Serum tPSA were 0. 57-6.36 ng/ml with a ratio f/t PSA 0. 26-0.63. B ultrasound, CT and MRI detected 3.9 cm×3. 9 cm×1.6 cm-11.3 cm×7. 9 cm×9. 5 cm irregular shape mass in prostate. 2 cases had seminal vesicle involved, 2 cases had rectum involved, 2 had unilateral ureter involved, and 1 case had sacrum involved. Pelvic lymphonodes metastasis were seen in 3 cases. Bone scan detected multiple bone metastasis in 3 patients. Results The final diagnoses were accomplished by prostate biopsy. Under light microscope, tumor cells were orbivular-ovate or fusiform shape, small volume, and had little cytoplasm. The margin of tumor cells was not clear. Caryokinesis phase could be found with hyperchromatic chromatin. Immunohistochemistry showed positive ChA staining in 4 eases, positive NSE expression in 2 patients and negative PSA in 4 cases. 3 cases were given cisplatin-based chemotherapy, pelvic radiation, or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. All patients appeared widespread metastasis quickly and died or lost visit within one year. Conclusions SCPCa is a rare, poor prognosis malignancy with early extensive metastasis. The diagnosis is based on pathology.     

磁共振检查在确定胎儿脑室扩张疾病诊断中影响因素的Logistic回归分析

目的 通过研究影响磁共振(MRI)检查确定胎儿侧脑室扩张诊断结果的相关因素.为进一步合理使用产前磁共振检查提供依据.方法 2006年3月至2008年11月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行超声检查的妊娠23～39周孕妇中,筛查出胎儿脑室扩张者150例.按Gaglioti标准对150例脑室扩张胎儿进行分组,在超声检查48 h之内行MRI检查以确定疾病诊断.对结果进行χ2及Logistic回归分析.结果 (1)侧脑室扩张10～12 mm组94例,MRI确定诊断10例(10.64%),单纯侧脑室扩张84例;13～15 mm组34例,确定诊断14例(41.18%),单纯侧脑室扩张20例;16～20 mm组19例,确定诊断10例(52.63%),单纯侧脑室扩张9例;21～25 mm组3例,确定诊断2例(2/3),单纯侧脑室扩张(脑积水)1例;后3组与第一组的χ2检验值具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);(2)单侧脑室扩张组112例,MRI检查确定诊断9例(8%),双侧脑室扩张组38例,MRI检查确定诊断27例(71%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(3)logistic回归分析显示孕龄(P<0.01,Exp(B)=1.053)、既往有胎儿异常病史(P<0.01,Exp(B)=5.745)、超声提示双侧脑室扩张(P<0.01.Exp(B)=4.086)、脑室扩张程度(P<0.01.Exp(B)=1.262)、超声提示可能存在脑室扩张之外的中枢神经系统异常(P<0.01,Exp(B)=19.890)对磁共振确定诊断结果的影响有显著意义,而孕周无统计学意义(P=0.455).结论 超声提示双脑室扩张和(或)可能存在其他中枢神经系统异常的情况时,建议行磁共振检查确定诊断;超声提示侧脑室扩张≥13 mm时,建议行磁共振检查.超声提示侧脑室扩张<13 mm时,可暂行超声动态观察,发现胎儿脑室扩张有增加趋势时再行磁共振检查.在23周之后任意孕周行磁共振检查对磁共振结果无显著影响.     

海洋生物多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

多糖具有较强的免疫调节及抗肿瘤作用,已经成为肿瘤治疗的研究热点之一。目前,从海洋中获得了越来越多结构新颖、作用独特的活性多糖,有望成为肿瘤治疗中新的药物资源,该文通过对国内外相关文献进行检索,综合了国内外近年来的研究,对近年来海洋多糖的抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展作一概述。     

多普勒超声在糖尿病患者下肢血管病变检查中的应用价值

目的 下肢血管病变是糖尿病致残的主要原因.探讨糖尿病患者下肢动脉血管病变的危险因素,了解糖尿病外周血管病变的形态学特征,寻找早期诊断方法.方法 172例确诊为糖尿病患者和60例无糖尿病患者,应用多普勒超声检查对其下肢血管形态、血管壁内膜厚度、斑块、管腔狭窄或闭塞及血流动力学改变进行比较.结果 下肢动脉血管的硬化斑块、狭窄、闭塞的发生率,糖尿病患者明显高于对照组;硬化斑块的发生率以股动脉最常见,而管腔狭窄、闭塞率以累及腘动脉以下的远端动脉血管胫前动脉受累最为明显.结论 彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病患者下肢血管病变的早期诊断、预防、治疗有重要的临床指导意义.     

腹壁切口愈合不良原因分析及处理方法探讨

目的 揭示和分析腹壁切口愈合不良的各种相关因素,探讨预防及处理方案.方法 回顾性研究22例妇产科腹部手术切口愈合不良的患者资料,分析导致切口愈合不良的各种因素,治疗上视切口类型及裂开长度及时给予照灯、充分引流、清创缝合等措施.结果 22例患者中,脂肪液化16例,切口继发感染2例,缝合不当4例.经切口照灯,切口填纱引流,清创缝合,均于治疗后6~14 d切口痊愈.结论 肥胖、糖尿病、贫血、缝合不当是造成腹壁切口愈合不良的主要因素,妥善处理围手术期各种不良因素及恰当的缝合可减少腹壁切口愈合不良的发生.     

定量组织速度成像技术对AMI患者PCI术前、后左室舒张功能的评价

目的应用超声心动图定量组织速度成像（QTVI）技术评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者行皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术前、后的左室舒张功能。方法30例首次确诊为AMI患者,行PCI术前及术后1个月和3个月行常规超声心动图检查及QTVI测定二尖瓣环运动速度频谱,并分析左室舒张功能评价资料。结果30例AMI患者术后1、3个月分别与术前比较,左室舒张早期最大血流速度（E）及其与左室舒张晚期最大血流速度（A）比值E／A、二尖瓣环平均舒张早期运动速度（Eam）及其与舒张晚期运动速度（Aam）比值Eam／Aam增高,心率（HR）、E／Eam显著减低（均为P〈0．01）;术后3个月与术后1个月比较,E、Eam、E／A、Eam／Aam增高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,E／Eam减低（P〈0．01）,HR未见明显变化（P〉0．05）。本组AMI患者舒张功能异常以充盈迟缓型为主,少数为假性正常型,未见限制型。等容舒张时间在舒张功能充盈迟缓时延长,假性正常化时缩短至正常范围（P〈0．01）。年龄、HR都是舒张功能的影响因素（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论年轻AMI患者的舒张功能在PCI术后显著提高,QTVI所测E／Ea可反映左室舒张功能异常,Ea、Ea／AaE／A联合及IRT可更准确地反映左室舒张功能异常程度,估测AMI后左室心肌缺血受损程度。     

老年脑梗死患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的：探讨老年脑梗死患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法：对150例60岁以上脑梗岁匕患者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,根据其检查结果分为内膜正常组、轻度狭窄组和中一重度狭窄组。对照组为90例健康体检者。并运用微粒子酶联免疫分析法测定空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）。结果：动脉内膜正常组、轻度颈动脉狭窄组与中一重度狭窄组比较差异均有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。组问差异比较,颈动脉内膜正常组与轻度狭窄组Hcy水平相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,脑梗死患者Hcy总体平均水平明显高于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。直线相关分析显示血浆Hcy水平与内膜中层厚度（IMT）呈正相关。结论：血Hcy水平与老年脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化程度呈正相关,高Hcy血症可能通过加速老年动脉硬化而导致老年脑梗死,如能将二者有机地结合起来,将对老年脑梗死的预防、治疗及判断预后有重要意义。     

Diagnosis of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients – BCSH and BTS Guidelines

A joint working group established by the Haemato‐oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the British Transplantation Society (BTS) has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the diagnosis and management of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in adult recipients of solid organ transplants. This review details the risk factors predisposing to development, initial features and diagnosis. It is important that the risk of developing PTLD is considered when using post transplant immunosuppression and that the appropriate investigations are carried out when there are suspicions of the diagnosis. These must include tissue for histology and computed tomography scan to assess the extent of disease. These recommendations have been made primarily for adult patients, there have been some comments made with regard to paediatric practice.     

The anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus quinolone WCK 771 has potent activity against sequentially selected mutants, has a narrow mutant selection window against quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and preferentially targets DNA gyrase

WCK 771 is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against quinolone-resistant staphylococci. To understand the impact of the target-level interactions of WCK 771 on its antistaphylococcal pharmacodynamic properties, we determined the MICs for genetically defined mutants and studied the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs), the frequency of mutation, and the cidality against the wild type and double mutants. There was a twofold increase in the MICs of WCK 771 for single gyrA mutants, indicating that DNA gyrase is its primary target. All first- and second-step mutants selected by WCK 771 revealed gyrA and grlA mutations, respectively. The MICs of WCK 771 and clinafloxacin were found to be superior to those of other quinolones against strains with double and triple mutations. WCK 771 was also cidal for high-density double mutants at low concentrations. WCK 771 and clinafloxacin showed narrow mutant selection windows compared to those of the other quinolones. Against a panel of 50 high-level quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of staphylococci (ciprofloxacin MIC > or = 16 microg/ml), the WCK 771 MPCs were < or =2 microg/ml for 68% of the strains and < or =4 microg/ml for 28% of the strains. Our results demonstrate that gyrA is the primary target of WCK 771 and that it has pharmacodynamic properties remarkably different from those of quinolones with dual targets (garenoxacin and moxifloxacin) and topoisomerase IV-specific quinolones (trovafloxacin). WCK 771 displayed an activity profile comparable to that of clinafloxacin, a dual-acting quinolone with a high affinity to DNA gyrase. Overall, the findings signify the key role of DNA gyrase in determining the optimal antistaphylococcal features of quinolones.