Dietary Fat Intake among Chinese Adults and Their Relationships with Blood Lipids: Findings from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance and Comparison with the PURE Study

Dietary fat intake in the Chinese population has increased. The PURE (prospective urban rural epidemiology) study concluded the potential advantage of total fat and saturated fats (SFA) over carbohydrates on blood lipids with the inaccurate assessment of dietary fats. We investigated the dietary fat profile among 48,315 participants (aged 30–70 years, national representative) from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017), determined the relationship of various fats with blood lipid biomarkers in the selected 39,115 participants, and compared the results with the PURE study. Dietary fat intake was calculated by using 3 days of 24 h recalls and food inventory. Serum lipid biomarkers were assessed at morning fasting state by health professionals. Plant fats (21.5% of total energy (TE)) dominated in total fat intake (69.5 g/day, 35.6% TE), with monounsaturated fats (MUFA) in the largest (13.8% TE) portion and plant oils as the major source (43.7%). Two thirds of the population consumed more than 30% TE from dietary fats and nearly half more than 35%, while 26.4% of them exceeded 10% TE from SFA. Total fat was positively associated with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), but also high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and negatively with triglyceride (TG)-to-HDL-c ratio (TGHDL) (all p_-trend < 0.05). Replacing total fat with carbohydrate yielded adverse changes in most biomarkers (higher LDL-c, TG, and TGHDL, lower HDL-c, all p < 0.05) when total fat was low (<34.9% TE). Regardless of fat intake level, replacing plant fat or polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) with carbohydrate yielded the most adverse changes (higher TC, LDL-c, TG, TC-to-HDL-c ratio (TCHDL), and TGHDL, but lower HDL-c, all p < 0.01), while replacing animal fat/SFA with plant fat/PUFA yielded the most favorable changes (lower all biomarkers, all p < 0.01). The results suggested a less harmful effect of carbohydrate on blood lipids when total fat was high, and more beneficial effect of unsaturated fats, than the PURE. In conclusion, dietary fat intake in Chinese adults had reached quite a high level, but with a different profile from Western populations. Replacement of SFA (animal fat) with PUFA (plant fat) could most effectively improve blood lipids, while replacement with carbohydrate could slightly benefit only when total fat was high. The present results may be more applicable to the Chinese population than the PURE study.     

中国高血压防治指南（2018年修订版）

描述上海市松江区社区人群高血压流行现状,为防治高血压提供依据。

2016—2017年,在松江区4个街镇采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法招募20~74岁的居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血压、血糖、血脂检测,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析,采用χ²检验进行率的比较,采用二分类logistic回归进行相关因素分析。

纳入调查的35 759名社区居民年龄中位数为58岁,男性占40.67%,高血压粗患病率为54.24%（19 395/35 759）,标化患病率为31.69%。高血压患者的知晓率为61.09%,其中男性患者知晓率为63.67%,女性患者知晓率为59.10%。高血压治疗率为49.00%,其中男性患者治疗率为50.91%,女性患者治疗率为47.51%。采取治疗措施的高血压患者中,血压治疗控制率为40.50%,其中男性患者治疗控制率为44.46%,女性患者治疗控制率为37.21%。多因素分析显示,男性（OR=1.272）、大年龄组（40~59岁组的OR=4.353,60~74岁组的OR=9.802）、超重（OR=1.823）、肥胖（OR=3.070）、中心性肥胖（OR=1.380）、并发糖尿病（OR=1.923）、血脂异常（OR=1.452）、饮酒（OR=1.338）是高血压患病的主要危险因素。

上海市松江区居民的高血压患病率较高,治疗率、治疗控制率较低,应进一步加强高血压综合防治。

     

缺氧诱导因子-1α与微血管密度在人鼻咽癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在鼻咽癌和慢性鼻咽炎组织中的表达,并用CD34标记测定微血管密度(MVD),探讨HIF-1α和MVD在鼻咽癌各种临床病理因素中的作用以及它们之间的相互联系.方法:采用免疫组织化学SABC及SP法检测58例鼻咽癌和20例慢性鼻咽炎组织中HIF-1α的表达情况,并用CD34行免疫组织化学染色,计数MVD,并结合临床病理特征进行分析.结果:鼻咽癌和慢性鼻咽炎组织HIF-1α的阳性表达率分别为79.31%和10.oo%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).鼻咽癌组织MVD为39.32±7.99,慢性鼻咽炎为18.73±2.39,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).鼻咽癌组织中,有淋巴结转移组HIF-1α阳性表达率(92.6%)明显高于无淋巴结转移组(67.7%),有淋巴结转移组MVD(44.41±5.63)高于无淋巴结转移组(34.89±7.09).不同临床病理分期的HIF-1α的表达和MVD均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).HIF-1α的表达与MVD呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论:HIF-1α参与了鼻咽癌的发生、浸润和转移;血管生成在鼻咽癌的浸润和转移中起了重要作用;鼻咽癌中HIF-1α的表达与肿瘤血管生成密切相关,在鼻咽癌发展过程中起重要作用,可能成为抗肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点.     

The Potential of Alternaria Toxins Production by A. alternata in Processing Tomatoes

As a filamentous and spoilage fungus, Alternaria spp. can not only infect processing tomatoes, but also produce a variety of mycotoxins which harm the health of human beings. To explore the production of Alternaria toxins in processing tomatoes during growth and storage, four main Alternaria toxins and four conjugated toxins were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS QToF MS) in processing tomatoes on different days after being inoculated with A. alternata. The results show that the content of Alternaria toxins in an in vivo assay is higher than that under field conditions. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is the predominant toxin detected in the field (205.86~41,389.19 μg/kg) and in vivo (7.64~526,986.37 μg/kg) experiments, and the second-most abundant toxin is alternariol (AOH). In addition, a small quantity of conjugated toxins, AOH-9-glucoside (AOH-9-Glc) and alternariol monomethyl ether-3-glucoside (AME-3-Glc), were screened in the in vivo experiment. This is the first time the potential of Alternaria toxins produced in tomatoes during the harvest period has been studied in order to provide data for the prevention and control of Alternaria toxins.     

脾动脉部分栓塞术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床分析

目的 探讨脾动脉部分栓塞术(PSE)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的临床疗效、不良反应并对部分相关因素进行分析.方法 对117例需施行脾脏手术的ITP患者随机分为脾切除术组及脾动脉部分栓塞术组,前者采用常规脾切除术,后者采用seldinger技术经右侧股动脉插管行部分脾动脉栓塞,栓塞面积约80%.对两组患者术后短期(1个月)、近期(3个月)疗效和远期(1年)疗效、手术的并发症进行观察,同时探讨年龄、性别、病程、血小板抗体、骨髓象的改变、抗核抗体等相关因素对脾动脉部分栓塞术疗效的影响.结果 PSE组短期、近期及远期疗效均与脾切除术组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),感染和术后并发症发生率均明显低于脾切除术组(P＜0.05或＜0.01).PSE组中术后骨髓象基本恢复正常的患者复发率低于骨髓中仍存在巨核细胞成熟障碍(P＜0.05或0.01),血小板抗体、抗核抗体滴度低者疗效优于血小板抗体、抗核抗体滴度高者(P＜0.05或0.01),但与年龄、性别、病程无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 PSE治疗ITP疗效与脾切除术相当,并发症少,但有待临床进一步探讨以降低复发率.     

羟喜树碱脂质体的粒径对组织分布的影响

目的:考察羟喜树碱脂质体的粒径对组织分布的影响。方法:小鼠尾静脉注射不同粒径的羟喜树碱脂质体,采用HPLC法测定不同时间点小鼠组织脏器中的药物浓度。结果:减小粒径可延长羟喜树碱脂质体在血液中滞留的时间。不同粒径(2 5nm～2 73nm)的羟喜树碱脂质体对各组织脏器的趋向性一致,主要分布于肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肠。结论:粒径(在2 5nm～2 73nm范围内)没有改变脂质体的组织分布特异性,但羟喜树碱脂质体在一些脏器的经时分布发生了变化。     

河南居民对新冠肺炎疫情的认知现状

目的:调查河南省居民对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的认知状况。方法:采用网络在线调查方式,采用自编新型冠状病毒肺炎社会调查表进行调查,共得到河南省有效问卷13 541份。结果:清楚了解新冠肺炎的性质、潜伏期、主要症状、传播途径、与普通感冒区别的比例分别为95.4%、93.0%、93.9%、93.7%和75.6%,清楚了解疫情现状和研究进展的比例分别为94.2%和69.5%;判断新冠肺炎具有高传染特性、低致死率和高治愈率的比例为82.2%、23.0%和32.1%;掌握戴口罩、正确洗手、避免亲友聚会等预防知识的正确比例为59.9%、84.4%和84.2%,外出佩戴口罩的比例为96.2%。结论:河南省居民对新冠肺炎疫情的认知状况总体情况良好。     

伴自杀意念抑郁症患者事件相关电位的研究

目的：运用事件相关电位方法探讨伴自杀意念抑郁症患者事件相关电位的特征。方法：在重庆医科大学附属第一医院心理卫生中心按照一定的纳入和排除标准募集伴自杀意念抑郁症患者,记录既往未曾治疗的20例伴自杀意念抑郁症患者执行情绪Stroop任务时诱发的事件相关电位（event-related potent, ERP）。结果：伴自杀意念抑郁症患者整体平均反应时间为（695.04±2.16） ms,不同词-面孔Stroop反应时间的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;伴自杀意念抑郁症患者ERP相关成分P1、N1、P2、P3的潜伏期在4种不同的词-面孔干扰下,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;ERP相关成分N1、P2、P3的波幅在4种不同的词-面孔干扰下,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：伴自杀意念抑郁症患者在不同情绪面孔刺激下存在不同程度的注意偏向和认知功能差异。     

新mTOR抑制剂洋椿苦素对骨关节炎的保护作用及机制研究

目的：探讨洋椿苦素对骨关节炎的治疗效果及其作用机制。方法：使用软骨细胞系C28/I2作为体外研究对象,采用MTT法检测洋椿苦素的细胞毒性,使用Western blot和免疫荧光检测洋椿苦素对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）的抑制作用和对自噬的激活效果;选用C57BL/6J小鼠（n=40）建立右膝骨关节炎模型,同只小鼠的左膝作为正常对照,经腹腔分别给以洋椿苦素（n=20）和生理盐水（n=20）治疗后,利用Western blot、免疫组化、免疫荧光、番红O染色、HE染色、软骨损伤半定量评分系统及炎症分级系统,检测洋椿苦素对mTOR的抑制效果、自噬的激活情况、对软骨的保护和滑膜炎症抑制的效果。结果：①洋椿苦素可抑制C28/I2细胞mTOR的Ser-2448磷酸化位点,同时抑制核糖体S6蛋白激酶磷酸化（ribosomal protein S6,rpS6）的Thr-389和Ser-371位点,其最佳剂量为40 μmol/L（Ser-2448：t=13.42,P=0.000;Thr-389：t=19.06,P=0.000;Ser-371：t=9.52,P=0.000）,最佳作用时间为24 h（Ser-2448：t=34.82,P=0.000;Thr-389：t=3.14,P=0.007;Ser-371：t=19.32,P=0.000）;②洋椿苦素可促进C28/I2细胞LC3II/LC3I的比值（t=8.15,P=0.002）,并增加自噬小体阳性细胞的数量（t=9.71,P=0.000）;③在骨关节炎中,洋椿苦素可抑制mTOR的磷酸化水平（t=19.03,P=0.005）及rpS6表达阳性的细胞数量（t=27.97,P=0.000）,并增加LC3II/LC3I表达水平（t=24.65,P=0.000）和LC3表达阳性的细胞数量（t=33.89,P=0.000）;④洋椿苦素可降低骨关节炎模型中关节软骨的损伤程度（t=8.32,P=0.009）,增加软骨细胞的密度（F=3.59,P=0.013）,抑制具有I型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶5（A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motifs 5,ADAMTS-5）的表达（F=1.82,P=0.002）;⑤在骨关节炎模型的滑膜组织中,洋椿苦素可通过对白介素-1β（Interleukine-1 beta,IL-1β） 的抑制（F=3.20,P=0.000）从而抑制滑膜组织中的炎症反应（F=5.44,P=0.029）。结论： 洋椿苦素作为一种潜在的mTOR抑制剂,在小鼠模型中可通过激活自噬降低关节软骨的损伤并保护软骨细胞,还可通过对ADAMTS-5和IL-1β的抑制实现对细胞外基质的保护和炎症的抑制,但对骨关节炎中软骨的损伤的保护效果及机制还需进一步研究。