隐匿性甲状腺癌的诊断及手术治疗（附68例报告）

目的：探讨隐匿性甲状腺癌（occult cancer of the thyroid,OCT）的诊断与治疗。方法：回顾性分析1998年-2008年我院收治并经病理证实的68例OCT患者的临床资料。结果：男性11例,女性57例,年龄15-69岁,中位年龄43.5岁。41例（60.2%）患者因发现甲状腺结节就诊,其中16（39.0%）例临床查体未能发现,后经超声、手术探查发现微小结节;17例（25%）以颈淋巴结肿大为首发症状,经超声检查发现同侧甲状腺中微小结节;68例中66例成功得到随访（随访率97.1%）,其中甲状腺腺叶切除术患者44例,改良颈淋巴结清除术患者22例,其中5例（7.6%）患者死亡,2例患者由于地址更换而失访（失访率2.9%）。结论：甲状腺乳头状微小癌起病隐匿,术前较难诊断。详细的查体和辅助检查是OCT诊断不可缺少的,手术治疗为甲状腺乳头状微小癌的主要手段。     

多途径综合治疗原发性巨块型肝癌48例疗效分析

作者对４８例不能一期切除的原发性巨块型肝癌进行多途径的综合治疗。在一期探查术中应用肝动脉结扎、碘化油化疗药物（ＭＤＦ）混合液灌注化疗和液态硅胶（ＴＨ）栓塞术；术后行肝动脉、门静脉分期灌注化疗；化疗间期经皮向癌灶内分点注射无水酒精。综合治疗半年复查结果：ＰＲ６６．７％、ＭＲ２２．９％、ＳＤ１０．４％。复查后依据病情施行Ⅱ期手术切除２３例，占本组病例的４７．９％（２３／４８）。本组病例随访结果：６、８、１０个月、１、３、５年生存率分别为９３．８％、８７．５％、７９．２％、７５．０％、５６．１％、２５．９％。结果显示，多途径综合治疗疗效显著。     

厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压左室肥厚及血浆脑钠素水平的影响

【目的】探讨厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压（EH）左室肥厚的逆转作用及对血浆脑钠素（BNP）水平的影响。【方法】80例EH分为左室肥厚组（LVH组,46例）及无左室肥厚组（无LVH组,34例）,并选30例健康体检者做对照,LVH组及无LVH组每天给厄贝沙坦75～150mg治疗6个月。治疗前后用彩色超声多普勒检测左室相关指标左室质量指数（LVMI）,并用酶联免疫标记法（ELISA）测定血浆BNP浓度。【结果】治疗前,三组相比,血浆BNP水平存在明显差异[（258±72）μg／Lvs（92±42）μg／Lvs（37±15）μg／L,P〈0．05],而LVH组较无LVH组明显升高[（258±72）μg／Lvs（92±42）μg／L,P〈0．05];治疗后LVH组LVMI较前明显减小[（135．1±12．1）g／m^2 vs（162．4±11．5）g／m^2,P〈0．05]而无LVH组的改变无统计学意义。LVH组和无LVH组治疗后其血浆BNP水平均较治疗前明显降低[（180±42）μgg／Lvs（258±72）μg／L,P〈0．05;（50±13）μg／Lvs（92_±42）μg／L,P〈0．05];直线相关分析表明,LVH组的血浆BNP水平与LVMI正相关（r=0．645,P〈0．05）,而无LVH组血浆BNP水平与LVMI无明显相关（r=0．352,P〉0．05）。【结论】厄贝沙坦能够有效逆转EH的左室重构,并预防EH可能发生的左室重构,血浆BNP是预测EH发生左室重构的良好指标。     

3D打印模型结合CPBL在脊柱外科专业型硕士研究生教学中的应用

目的探讨3D打印结合CPBL教学在脊柱外科专业型硕士研究生教学中的应用效果。方法选择在我科轮转的42名专业型硕士研究生作为研究对象,随机分为实验组(21人)和对照组(21人)。实验组采用3D打印结合CPBL教学进行教学,课前由授课教师选取典型病例并设计相关问题,课堂结合3D打印模型进行讲解,引导学生思考解决相关问题;对照组采用传统教学方式进行教学。比较两组学员理论及操作成绩,并通过问卷调查了解学员对不同教学的满意度和认可度。采用SPSS 25.0进行独立样本t检验。结果实验组学员的理论、操作成绩及教学满意度、认可度得分分别为(84.7±3.4)、(87.1±3.7)、(9.7±0.3)、(9.3±0.4);对照组学员的理论、操作成绩及教学满意度、认可度得分分别为(79.7±3.3)、(80.4±4.0)、(8.4±0.7)、(8.3±0.6)。组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将3D打印技术与CPBL教学相结合;教学效果明显优于传统教学,值得进一步推广应用。     

中美临床执业医师资格考试中关于医学人文考核的比较研究

医师资格考试是大多数国家普遍采用的医师资格认证形式。医学人文的考核在医师资格考试中占有重要地位。以临床类别考试为例,通过文献分析、比较研究的方法,比较分析中美两国执业医师资格考试和医师资格分阶段考试实证研究考试中的医学人文考核,包括考试内容和形式、考试分值及比例。发现两国医学人文考核内容和比例基本相当,但我国现行考试医学人文考核站数较少,考试形式和呈现方式有待进一步改善,下一步应继续探索标准化病人应用于我国医师资格考试的可行性,充分发挥医师资格考试对医学教育的导向作用。     

Indirect Protection from Vaccinating Children against Influenza A Virus Infection in Households

Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to prevent influenza virus infection. Our previous analysis suggested that indirect protection is limited in an influenza B epidemic in Hong Kong. We further analyzed six influenza A epidemics to determine such potential. We applied a statistical model to estimate household transmission dynamics in the 3 influenza A(H3N2) and 3 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) epidemics. Then, we estimated the reduction in infection risk among unvaccinated household members when all children in households are vaccinated, with different assumptions on vaccine efficacy (VE). In the optimal scenario that VE was 70%, the reduction to the total probability of infection was only marginal, with relative probabilities ranged from 0.91–0.94 when all children in households were vaccinated because community was by far the main source of infection during the six epidemics in our study. The proportion of cases attributed to household transmission was 10% (95% CrI: 7%, 13%). Individual influenza vaccination is important even when other household members are vaccinated, given the degree of indirect protection is small.     

High expression of PYK2 is associated with poor prognosis and cancer progression in early-stage cervical carcinoma

Proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (PYK2), also known as calcium dependent tyrosine kinase, regulates different signal transduction cascades that control cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the role of PYK2 in cervical cancer remains to be elucidated. The current study retrospectively included 134 patients with cervical cancer from December 2007 to September 2014. PYK2 expression was detected in tissue microarray and cervical cancer cell lines. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate its clinicopathological significance. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to suppress endogenous PYK2 expression in cervical cancer cells to observe the biological function. PYK2 expression was up-regulated in cervical cancer specimens compared with paired adjacent normal cervical tissue samples. Statistical analyses indicated that PYK2 expression might be an independent prognostic indicator for patients with early-stage cervical cancer. A nomogram model was constructed based on PYK2 expression and other clinicopathological risk factors, and it performed well in predicting patients survival. In cellular studies, down-regulation of PYK2 remarkably inhibited cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. PYK2 expression possessed the potential to serve as a novel prognostic marker in cervical cancer patients.     

藏族和汉族上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根的CBCT对比研究

目的:比较藏族和汉族上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根数据,为临床提供参考.方法:随机收集藏族和汉族患者上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根CBCT图像440例,测量根长、弯曲度、弯曲位置、是否有第二近颊根(MB2)、MB-MB2距离.结果:藏族第一恒磨牙近中颊根长度较汉族长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).近中颊根根管弯曲度比较,藏汉族有统...     

CST6 suppresses osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma by blocking osteoclast differentiation

Osteolytic bone disease is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). A significant fraction (~20%) of MM patients do not develop osteolytic lesions (OLs). The molecular basis for the absence of bone disease in MM is not understood. We combined PET-CT and gene expression profiling (GEP) of purified BM CD138⁺ MM cells from 512 newly diagnosed MM patients to reveal that elevated expression of cystatin M/E (CST6) was significantly associated with the absence of OL in MM. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a strong correlation between CST6 levels in BM serum/plasma and CST6 mRNA expression. Both recombinant CST6 protein and BM serum from patients with high CST6 significantly inhibited the activity of the osteoclast-specific protease cathepsin K and blocked osteoclast differentiation and function. Recombinant CST6 inhibited bone destruction in ex vivo and in vivo myeloma models. Single-cell RNA-Seq showed that CST6 attenuates polarization of monocytes to osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, CST6 protein blocks osteoclast differentiation by suppressing cathepsin-mediated cleavage of NF-κB/p100 and TRAF3 following RANKL stimulation. Secretion by MM cells of CST6, an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and function, suppresses osteolytic bone disease in MM and probably other diseases associated with osteoclast-mediated bone loss.