Gastric mucosa as a target in duodenogastric reflux: assessment of lesions with the system of indices

AIM: To characterize gastric mucosa lesion in patients with duodenogastric reflux (DGR) using an original system of indices evaluating general pathological processes in gastric mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 109 patients with chronic gastritis (CG) in combination with opisthorchiasis. These were divided into 2 groups: CG patients with DGR (group 1, n = 58), CG patients free of DGR (group 2, n = 51). Thirty patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis served control. All the patients have undergone fibrogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy from the antral part of the stomach and its body. To detail morphological picture of the gastric mucosa a number of additional indices were used characterizing exudative inflammation, productive inflammation, atrophic, sclerotic, immunopathological, dysregeneratory processes. RESULTS: Semiquantitative analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic opisthorchiasis patients with DGR by the above indices showed a significant prevalence of exudative (p < 0.05) and productive (p < 0.01) inflammations in the antrum over those in the gastric body. Comparison of the indices in the patients with and without DGR revealed significant differences in activity of exudative inflammation (p < 0.05), dysregeneratory (p < 0.05) and atrophic (p < 0.001) processes in gastric antrum and dysregeneratory and atrophic processes in the gastric body (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The indices contribute to more precise assessment of structural shifts occurring in gastric mucosa which is the target for DGR.     

缺氧诱导因子1α通过上调Snail促进HepG2肝癌细胞上皮-间充质化

目的上皮-间充质化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）是实体瘤原发灶癌细胞获得转移能力的基础。缺氧诱导前列腺癌、肾癌、卵巢癌的EMT过程已得到证实,缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha,HIF-1α）在这些过程中发挥重要作用。但是HIF-1α和肝癌细胞EMT之间的关系目前并不清楚。本文探讨HIF-1α在肝癌EMT中的作用。方法利用可调控HIF-1α表达的肝癌HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞系,在排除缺氧其他反应干扰的情况下研究HIF-1α在肝癌细胞EMT过程中的作用和机制。结果过表达HIF-1α促进HepG2肝癌细胞EMT,下调HIF-1α表达可以抑制HepG2肝癌细胞EMT。HIF-1α促进EMT相关转录因子Snail的表达。结论 HIF-1α通过上调Snail来促进HepG2肝癌细胞EMT。     

The place of premedication in pediatric practice

Behind the multiple arguments for and against the use of premedication, sedative drugs in children is a noble principle that of minimizing psychological trauma related to anesthesia and surgery. However, several confounding factors make it very difficult to reach didactic evidence-based conclusions. One of the key confounding issues is that the nature of expectations and responses for both parent and child vary greatly in different environments around the world. Studies applicable to one culture and to one hospital system (albeit multicultural) may not apply elsewhere. Moreover, the study of hospital-related distress begins at the start of the patient's journey and ends long after hospital discharge; it cannot be focused completely on just the moment of anesthetic induction. Taking an example from actual practice experience, the trauma caused by the actual giving of a premedication to a child who absolutely does not want it and may struggle may not be recorded in a study but could form a significant component of overall effect and later psychological pathology. Clearly, attitudes by health professionals and parents to the practice of routine pediatric premedication, vary considerably, often provoking strong opinions. In this pro–con article we highlight two very different approaches to premedication. It is hoped that this helps the reader to critically re-evaluate a practice, which was universal historically and now in many centers is more selective.     

恶性淋巴瘤贫血发生率调查分析

目的：研究恶性淋巴瘤患者的贫血发生情况及其影响因素。方法：对我院2007—05-04—2012-09—30住院的1474例恶性淋巴瘤患者（初治1145例,复治329例）进行回顾性分析,统计其贫血发生率,并根据初治或复治、不同．病理类型、性别、年龄、临床分期或是否有B症状进行分组分析。结果：初治患者的贫血发生率为23．3％（267／1145）,复治患者的贫血发生率为41．9％（138／329）,明显升高,χ2=44．5,P〈0．001。不同病理类型初治患者贫血发生率由高至低依次为淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤75．0％,血管免疫母T细胞淋巴瘤40．0％,套细胞淋巴瘤32．6％,外周T细胞淋巴瘤（非特指型）29．4％,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤25．3％,霍奇金淋巴瘤24．8％,边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤24．7％,NK／T细胞淋巴瘤21．4％,Burkitt淋巴瘤16．7％,问变大T细胞淋巴瘤14．3％,淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤11．3％,滤泡性淋巴瘤10．7％,蕈样霉菌病10％,弥漫小B细胞淋巴瘤8．3％。单因素分析发现,病理类型（χ2=32．4,P=0．002）、年龄（χ2=8．0,P=0．005）、分期（χ2=60．7,P〈0．001）和B症状（χ2=127．8,P〈0．001）是初治淋巴瘤贫血的危险因素。初治的贫血患者中侵犯食管、胃和肠等部位的患者比例较高,为35．2％（94／267）。结论：恶性淋巴瘤患者有较高的贫血发生率,复治患者贫血发生率明显高于初治患者,初治患者贫血的发生与病理类型、年龄、分期和B症状有密切关系。年龄〉60岁、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、胃肠道侵犯、有B症状患者更易发生贫血。     

Therapeutic potential of fish oil in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

In a pilot study six patients with active ulcerative colitis and six healthy controls were given fish oil (MaxEPA) containing 3-4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily for a period of 12 weeks. There was a significant improvement in the patients' symptoms and histological appearance of the rectal mucosa by the end of the treatment period. There was significant fall in neutrophil chemiluminescence during treatment in patients, whereas no change was observed in the control group. Neutrophil leukotriene B4 levels fell significantly during treatment. Serum from patients receiving fish oil was significantly less chemotactic for neutrophils compared with control serum. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence in vitro. The omega-3 fatty acids, which occur naturally in fish oils, may exert a beneficial effect by decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators.     

Cutaneous calcinosis in erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli

A case of erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli is described which showed deposition of calcium in the lesional skin on the face.