全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12966篇 |
免费 | 2882篇 |
国内免费 | 75篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 217篇 |
儿科学 | 246篇 |
妇产科学 | 393篇 |
基础医学 | 772篇 |
口腔科学 | 522篇 |
临床医学 | 3776篇 |
内科学 | 2427篇 |
皮肤病学 | 379篇 |
神经病学 | 1142篇 |
特种医学 | 337篇 |
外科学 | 2294篇 |
综合类 | 86篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 1560篇 |
眼科学 | 492篇 |
药学 | 536篇 |
中国医学 | 35篇 |
肿瘤学 | 706篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 86篇 |
2023年 | 524篇 |
2022年 | 222篇 |
2021年 | 399篇 |
2020年 | 497篇 |
2019年 | 320篇 |
2018年 | 856篇 |
2017年 | 877篇 |
2016年 | 817篇 |
2015年 | 857篇 |
2014年 | 1034篇 |
2013年 | 1097篇 |
2012年 | 664篇 |
2011年 | 673篇 |
2010年 | 727篇 |
2009年 | 824篇 |
2008年 | 503篇 |
2007年 | 393篇 |
2006年 | 383篇 |
2005年 | 322篇 |
2004年 | 235篇 |
2003年 | 210篇 |
2002年 | 206篇 |
2001年 | 233篇 |
2000年 | 126篇 |
1999年 | 215篇 |
1998年 | 270篇 |
1997年 | 262篇 |
1996年 | 325篇 |
1995年 | 228篇 |
1994年 | 227篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 147篇 |
1991年 | 134篇 |
1990年 | 93篇 |
1989年 | 104篇 |
1988年 | 81篇 |
1987年 | 93篇 |
1986年 | 83篇 |
1985年 | 52篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 42篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Abbas Pardakhty Alireza Foroumadi Mehdi Hashemi Saeed Rajabalian Mahmoud Reza Heidari 《Toxicology in vitro》2007,21(6):1031-1038
We examined the cytotoxic potential of nine N-[2-substituted-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl] piperazinyl quinolone derivatives on human oral epithelial mouth carcinoma (KB) and human squamous carcinoma (A431) cell lines. Phototoxic properties of these compounds were also evaluated by mouse 3T3 fibroblast under ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. The percent of cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Compound 6 having a 4-[2-(phenylmethoxyimino)-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl] group attached to N4 position of piperazine ring of enoxacin showed the highest cytotoxicity potential on both A431 and KB cell lines (IC50 of 3.11+/-0.52 and 4.91+/-1.94 microg/ml, respectively). While some of the other tested compounds exhibited clear phototoxic potential in 3T3 cell line, compound 6 showed only a minor potential of phototoxicity. These findings suggest the high potential of 4-[2-(phenylmethoxyimino)-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl] derivative of enoxacin as a cytotoxic compound with low potency of phototoxic reactions. The mentioned chemical was identified to be of special interest for further characterization. 相似文献
52.
Abbas E Kitabchi Ebenezer A Nyenwe 《Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America》2006,35(4):725-51, viii
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) potentially are fatal but largely preventable acute metabolic conditions of uncontrolled diabetes, the incidence of which continues to increase. Mortality from DKA has declined remarkably over the years because of better understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment. The mortality rate of HHS remains alarmingly high, however, owing to older age and mode of presentation of patients and associated comorbid conditions. DKA and HHS also are economically burdensome; therefore, any resources invested in their prevention would be rewarding. 相似文献
53.
Brendan McCormack BSc DPSN PGCEA RGN RMN Clinical Lecturer in Nursing 《Journal of advanced nursing》1992,17(2):187-197
The research describes how nursing staff on a general surgical ward in a district general hospital perceived the delivery method of nursing care in practice. The study design was based on ethnographic methods and data were collected by diary keeping and semi-structured interviews. An organizational method based on the principles of primary nursing had been implemented on the ward for 2 years prior to the study commencing. As well as talking in general terms about primary nursing, the nursing staff talked at some length about specific issues related to their practice. 相似文献
54.
55.
What should nurse teachers be doing? A preliminary study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heather A. Cahill BSc RGN RMN RCNT RNT Cert Ed 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,26(1):146-153
There is little doubt that the role of the nurse teacher is complex and multifaceted in nature. The apparently conflicting demands of NHS trusts and education in the United Kingdom, at the time of integration of nurse education into the higher education sector, further complicates the role. This recognition underlines the need to capture and measure key aspects of nurse teacher function in order to maximize educational gain. Using a comprehensive literature review, focus group discussions and a small number of individual semi-structured interviews, this preliminary study explored the issue of teacher workload, from the perspective of the principal stakeholders in nurse and higher education. Competing research and clinical practice objectives for nurse teachers are identified against a background of changing health care provision, reduced availability of placements and an increased need for evidence-based practice. 相似文献
56.
Karen A Luker PhD BNurs RGN RHV NDNCert Kinta Beaver BA RGN DPSN Samuel J Leinster BSc MD FRCS R Glynn Owens BTech DipPsych DPhil AFBPsS Lesley F Degner PhD RN Jeffrey A Sloan PhD BSc 《Journal of advanced nursing》1995,22(1):134-141
Nurses can play a key role in patient education, including providing patients with useful and approrate information Rather than focusing on the process of education or information giving by nurses, this study places emphasis on the content of that information by taking the patients'perspective and asking the patients themselves what particular types of information are perceived as important at a specific point in time The aim of the study was to explore what particular types of information were important to women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, to enable nurses and other health care professionals to utilize their time as effectively as possible and provide a high-quality service to individuals in their care Women with breast cancer (a mean of 2 5 weeks from diagnosis) were interviewed and asked to compare items of information The items of information were presented m pairs and the women stated a preference for one item in that pan- Thirty-six pairs were presented in total The analysis involved the use of a Thurstone scaling model, which allowed rank ordermgs, or profiles of information needs, to be developed, reflecting the perceived importance of each item Information about the likelihood of cure, the spread of the disease and treatment options were perceived as the most important items of information at the tune of diagnosis Other information needs, in order of descending priority, included information about the risk to family, side-effects 相似文献
57.
M J Ahern MD FRACP M Wetherall BEd A Leslie MB BS R H James BSc P J Roberts-Thomson PhD FRACP G C Rennie BA BSc MA 《International journal of clinical practice》1992,46(4):229-233
The elderly (age >65 years) are more vulnerable to side-effects induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We therefore performed a double-blind comparative study of ketoprofen SR and sulindac in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, 65 years of age or older. Sulindac was chosen because of its possible renal sparing effects, and ketoprofen SR because of its short half life and sustained release delivery system. Eighty patients were entered. More patients withdrew from the study due to side-effects in the sulindac group; both treatment groups had a high incidence of side-effects during this study and during previous exposure to other NSAIDs, demonstrating that the elderly are susceptible to side-effects from NSAIDs. 相似文献
58.
Empowering practice nurses in the follow-up of patients with established heart disease: lessons from patients' experiences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rose Wiles BSc PhD 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,26(4):729-735
This paper reports on the views of patients with established heart disease of a structured programme of follow-up care provided by practice nurses (PNs) in general practice in England. It is based on in-depth interviews with 22 patients receiving an integrated primary and secondary care intervention being developed and piloted for patients following heart attack or diagnosis of angina. Patients identified the important features of follow-up care to be easy access to a health professional who possessed knowledge and social and emotional skills. A range of views about the ability of PNs to provide such care emerged from patients' accounts. patients' perceptions about the seriousness of their condition and the way PN follow-up care was provided in practices emerged as important issues affecting patients' views. In addition, perceptions about the practice nurse's role, status and knowledge, existing relationships with general practitioners, and issues of communication were also important factors. It is concluded that in order to develop high-quality PN-led services for patients with established heart disease, four issues need to be taken into account: practice nurse training; continuity of follow-up care; the integration of the primary and secondary care interface; and development of the practice nurse's status within the primary health care team. 相似文献
59.
Declan Donovan BSc Dr. Judith H. Harmey PhD Deirdre Toomey BSc D. Henry Osborne MCh H. Paul Redmond MCh David J. Bouchier-Hayes MCh 《Annals of surgical oncology》1997,4(8):621-627
Background: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic
factor identified to date. TGFβ-1 acts as an indirect angiogenic agent.
Methods: VEGF and TGFβ-1 were measured in the serum of breast cancer patients and agematched controls and in tumor tissue of cancer
patients by ELISA. VEGF protein and mRNA expression by breast tumor cell lines were examined, and the effect of TGFβ-1 on
VEGF production in these cells was assessed.
Results: VEGF levels were significantly higher (P=.03) in the serum of patients with breast cancer compared to age-matched controls. A positive correlation was found between
serum (r=0.539) and tumor tissue (r=0.688) levels of VEGF and TGFβ-1. Metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells produce more
VEGF than do the primary BT474 cells. TGFβ-1 significantly (P<.05) increased production of VEGF.
Conclusions: Breast cancer cells constitutively produce VEGF protein and mRNA. There is a relationship between VEGF and TGFβ-1 levels
in breast cancer patients, and TGFβ-1 regulates VEGF expression by breast cancer cells.
Presented at the 50th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, March 20–23, 1997. 相似文献
60.
John McMahon RMN BA Scottish Home Health Department Nursing Research Fellow Staff Nurse Barry T Jones BSc PhD Senior Lecturer 《Journal of advanced nursing》1992,17(2):173-186
Despite being constantly cited as a critical intervening variable in the recovery from alcohol problems, there is a paucity of literature on client motivation. This paper reviews the current literature which impacts on motivation and its importance in treatment and develops in a stepwise manner the revised expectancy/motivation hypothesis, tentatively explaining both motivation and denial as a natural process in behavioural change. Because of the revised expectancy/motivation hypothesis' distinctly defined stages which closely relate to the process of nursing and the qualitative and quantitative measurement it entails which the nursing process demands, it offers a particularly appropriate model for treatment within nurse practice. 相似文献