Developing nurse practitioners to develop practice: the experiences of nurses working on a Nursing Development Unit

Aim To elicit nurses' accounts of their involvement with nursing research and their interpretations of the meaning of these projects for their practice.
Background The links between research and practice development in health care are poorly understood and require further exploration in the light of the emerging research and development agenda within the National Health Service.
Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 qualified nurses working on a Nursing Development Unit. The interviews were tape recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.
Findings Data analysis identified two distinct groups—a core group of nurses actively engaged in the research projects and a peripheral group involved in data collection. The characteristics of the core group mirror the characteristics of those involved in non-research-based practice development activities.
Conclusions Engaging in research activities does not always result in the development of practice, however, there appears to be a link between practice development and critical thinking.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染孕妇的围生期健康指导及护理对策

我国是世界上hbv感染的高流行区之一,hbsag慢性携带率高达9.57%[1].母婴垂直传播是hbv的主要传播途径之一,特别是hbv dna阳性孕妇,母婴垂直传播率高达26.7%[2].由于基层hbv感染孕妇相关医学知识缺乏,易出现盲目求医、滥用药物等情况,对母婴的健康危害极大.为妥善解决乙型肝炎孕妇围生期出现的一系列病理、生理及心理问题,我们对189例hbv感染孕妇进行健康指导及各种护理,取得良好的效果.     

腹部提压法对窒息性心搏骤停猪复苏效果的实验研究

目的：比较胸外按压心肺复苏（CC-CPR）与腹部提压心肺复苏（ALc-CPR）对窒息性心搏骤停猪复苏时血流动力学指标和通气指标的影响。初步评价腹部提压法对窒息性心搏骤停猪的复苏效果。方法：健康家猪30只,建立窒息性心搏骤停模型。随机分为两组。每组15R,分别实施cc-cPR和ALc-cPR。窒息前10min开始连续记录心电圈（ECG）、经皮脉搏氧饱和度（Sp02）．呼气宋二氧化碳分压（PETC02）,主动脉收缩压（SBP）．舒张压（DBP）、中心静脉压（CVP）和潮气量（VT）直至试验结束;计算主动脉平均动脉压（MAP）、冠脉灌注压（CPP）和每分通气量（MV）;分别在窒息前10min（TI）,窒息后10min（T2）、复苏后5min（T3）、复苏后10mii3（T4）、复苏后20min（T5）抽取动脉血查血气。观察两组动物的自主循环恢复（ROSC）率,24h存活率和24h后神经功能缺损评分。结果：CC-CPR组MAP和CPP高于ALC-CPR组．两组间的差异有统计学意义;ALC-CPR组的VT和MV高于CC-CPR组,差异有统计学意义;CC-CPR组ROSC率为26．7％,ALC-CPR组为80％,差异有统计学意义;24h存活率CC-CPR组为13．3％,ALC-CPR组为60％。差异有统计学意义;24h神经功能评分ALC-CPR组优于CC-CPR组。结论：在窒息性心搏骤停猪的复苏早期,ALC-CPR较cc-CPR更具优势。     

肺炎克雷伯菌与植生克雷伯菌喹诺酮类耐药基因研究

目的 分析宁波大学医学院附属医院克雷伯菌属的耐药性及其对喹喏酮类药物的耐药机制.方法 收集2009年10月-2011年3月分离出的20株克雷伯菌属菌株,经鉴定确认18株为肺炎克雷伯菌,2株为植生克雷伯菌.采用k-b纸片扩散法检测其对药物的敏感性.pcr法检测染色体介导的gyra、parc基因和质粒介导的aac(6’)-Ⅰ b-cr、qnra、qnrb、qnrs、qepa基因,pcr阳性产物采用pcr直接全自动荧光法测序.结果 20株克雷伯菌属菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类抗菌药物均表现为多重耐药性(耐药率均在80％以上),其中植生克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感.18株(90％)菌株存在gyra、parc基因突变;aac(6’)-Ⅰ b-cr阳性12株(60％),qnrb和qnrs阳性均为4株(20％).结论 本组20株克雷伯菌属菌对喹诺酮类药物耐药主要与gyra和parc基因突变相关. abstract： objective to investigate the multi-drug resistance of klebsiella strains and its mechanism.methods twenty strains of klebsiella were isolated from the affiliated hospital of medical college,ningbo university from october 2009 to march 2011,in which 18 isolates were klebsiella pneumonia and 2 were klebsiella planticola. drug sensitivity was determined by k-b tests. drug resistant genes gyra,parc (chromosome mediated) and aac( 6′)-i b-cr,qnra,qnrb,qnrs,qepa (plasmid mediated) were amplified by pcr and verified by direct automated fluorogenic sequencing. results resistance to β-1actams,aminoglycosides and quinolones was observed in 20 strains,and resistant rates were all above 80％.klebsiella planticola strains were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem.mutations of gyra and parc genes existed in 18 strains (90％),and the positive rates of aac (6') -i b-c r,qnrb and qnrs were 60％ (12/20),20％ (4/20) and 20％ (4/20),respectively.conclusion the mutations ofgyra and parc genes may be the main cause of the resistance to quinolones in these strains.     

实时三维超声及斑点追踪技术评价左室射血分数保留的行血液透析终末期慢性肾疾病患者右心室收缩功能

目的 采用实时三维超声及三维斑点追踪技术（3D-STI）对左室射血分数保留的终末期慢性肾疾病（ESRD）患者的右心室收缩功能进行评价。方法 纳入规律血液透析的左室射血分数保留的ESRD患者43例,诊断标准GFR＜15mL/(min·1.73m2),根据是否合并肺动脉高压分为ESRD组(n=23)、ESRD合并肺动脉高压组(n=20),对照组选择25例健康志愿者。测量各心腔大小、LVEF及右室做功指数（RIMP）;应用实时三维超声测量右室容积（EDV、ESV）、右室每分输出量（RVCO）、射血分数（3DRVEF）、面积变化分数（FAC）及三尖瓣环收缩期位移（TAPSE）。通过3D-STI获取游离壁整体纵向应变（3DGLS）。结果 ①与对照组比较,ESRD组及ESRD合并肺动脉高压组EDV、ESV、RVCO、RIMP显著增大,3DRVEF、TAPSE、FAC显著减低（P＜0.01）;ESRD组RVD1、RVD2、RVD3差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;ESRD合并肺动脉高压组SV、PA、RAD、RVD1、RVD2均增大（P＜0.05）。与ESRD组比较,ESRD合并肺动脉高压组EDV、ESV、RVCO增大,3DRVEF、TAPSE、FAC减低（P＜0.05）。②3DGLS在对照组、ESRD组、ESRD合并肺动脉高压组依次显著减小（P＜0.01）。③相关性分析显示：3DGLS的绝对值与3DRVEF、TAPSE、FAC、RIMP均呈强相关（r=0.7701、0.6206、0.5922、-0.5475,P均＜0.01）。结论 实时三维超声及三维斑点追踪技术可以早期、敏感的定量评估LVEF保留的血液透析ESRD患者右心室收缩功能     

Importance of vancomycin loading doses in intermittent infusion regimens

Purpose

Delayed achievement of target vancomycin serum concentrations may adversely affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the real frequency of loading dose use and to evaluate the impact of loading dose for the achievement of vancomycin PK/PD target in adult patients treated with intermittent vancomycin. As a secondary aim we determined optimal vancomycin loading dose based on individual pharmacokinetic calculations.

长链非编码RNA在肝细胞肝癌中的研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)是肝癌最常见的病理类型,患者病死率高。对HCC发生发展机制的认知局限是其不良预后的重要原因。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是基因调控的重要组成部分,在不同疾病患者和不同组织中的表达具有特异性。近年来,lncRNA在癌症发生发展中作用的研究逐渐深入,这为HCC早期诊断、病情控制和预后评估提供了新的方法和思路。本文就长链非编码RNA在HCC中的研究进展作一综述。