急性苯中毒对小鼠末梢血象和骨髓细胞构成的影响

取３２只２～３个月的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小白鼠，随机分为４组，每组８只，第１组为对照组，其余３个组为实验组，实验组小白鼠左腿皮下注射苯０．３ｍｌ（１５ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重）．注射后分别于２４ｈ，４８ｈ，７２ｈ脱颈处死。观察中毒前、后末梢血象、骨髓细胞、骨髓细胞构成的变化。结果表明，苯中毒时骨髓变化先于末梢血象的变化，骨髓的病变为造血细胞变性、坏死，大量毛细血管扩张、充血，骨髓细胞构成降低，而且骨髓细胞构成中细胞成分降低早于外周血粒细胞减少。     

Biomaterial-based platforms for cancer stem cell enrichment and study

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a relatively rare subpopulation of tumor cell with self-renewal and tumorigenesis capabilities. CSCs are associated with cancer recurrence, progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Establishing a reliable platform for CSC enrichment and study is a prerequisite for understanding the characteristics of CSCs and discovering CSC-related therapeutic strategies. Certain strategies for CSC enrichment have been used in laboratory, particularly fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mammosphere culture. However, these methods fail to recapitulate the in vivo chemical and physical conditions in tumors, thus potentially decreasing the malignancy of CSCs in culture and yielding unreliable research results. Accumulating research suggests the promise of a biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) strategy for CSC enrichment and study. This strategy has an advantage over conventional methods in simulating the tumor microenvironment, thus providing a more effective and predictive model for CSC laboratory research. In this review, we first briefly discuss the conventional methods for CSC enrichment and study. We then summarize the latest advances and challenges in biomaterial-based 3D CSC platforms. Design strategies for materials, morphology, and chemical and physical cues are highlighted to provide direction for the future construction of platforms for CSC enrichment and study.     

一位自杀博主遗言评论留言的主题分析

目的:描述社交媒体中负向情绪的表达,探讨其与浏览者自杀风险的关系。方法:选取抑郁症自杀者"走饭"遗言微博下的10582条留言,利用NVivo11 Pro软件,由1名资深社会工作者对留言进行理解,建立树状节点,根据留言所含情绪进行留言的编码分类,经由另1名社工进行复查,产生分歧的留言由心理咨询师进行裁定。利用N11软件词频分析功能,统计留言中高频出现的词语及其频率。结果:微博留言者中表述自己患有抑郁症者占9%;表达自杀意念者占14%;负向表达留言占77%。词频统计发现"想死"、"杀"、"死了"、"离开"、"自杀"为高频的自杀相关关键词。结论:高自杀风险者聚集在该微博留言区,大量表达负性情绪,可能通过情绪传染对浏览者自杀风险产生影响。     

6种止吐用药方案预防高致吐风险化疗引起恶心呕吐临床效果的网状meta分析

目的 采用网状meta分析评价6种止吐用药方案预防高致吐风险化疗（highly emetogenic chemotherapy,HEC）引起的恶心呕吐的疗效。方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据、维普医药、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library（2019年第8期）,检索时限至2019年9月1日,收集5-羟色胺3受体抑制剂[包括第1代5-HT₃和第2代5-HT₃帕洛诺司琼（palonosetron,PAL）]+地塞米松（dexamethasone,DEX）、神经激肽1受体抑制剂（NK-1 receptor antagonist,NK-1RA）+5-HT₃+DEX、奥氮平（olanzapine,OLZ）+5-HT₃+DEX、NEPA（奈妥吡坦300 mg+PAL 0.50 mg）+DEX预防化疗所致恶心呕吐（chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,CINV）的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCTs）,由2名评价员独立筛选文献、提取数据,并按照Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具评价文献质量,采用Stata 15.0统计软件进行网状meta分析。结果 共纳入18项RCTs,合计8 076例患者。网状meta分析结果显示：与5-HT₃+DEX比较,NEPA+DEX、NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX、NK-1RA+PAL+DEX和OLZ+PAL+DEX预防CINV急性完全缓解率高于5-HT₃+DEX组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,概率排序为OLZ+PAL+DEX > NK-1RA+PAL+DEX > NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX > NEPA+DEX > PAL+DEX=5-HT₃+DEX。与5-HT₃+DEX比较,NEPA+DEX、NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX、NK-1RA+PAL+DEX、OLZ+PAL+DEX和PAL+DEX预防CINV延迟期完全缓解率高于5-HT₃+DEX组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,概率排序为NK-1RA+PAL+DEX > OLZ+PAL+DEX > NEPA+DEX > NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX=PAL+DEX=5-HT₃+DEX。与5-HT₃+DEX比较,NEPA+DEX、NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX和NK-1RA+PAL+DEX预防CINV持续期完全缓解率高于5-HT₃+DEX组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,概率排序为NK-1RA+PAL+DEX > OLZ+PAL+DEX > NEPA+DEX > NK-1RA+5-HT₃+DEX > PAL+DEX > 5-HT₃+DEX。结论 通过网状meta分析发现,OLZ+PAL+DEX是预防HEC致急性CINV最有效方案,而NK-1RA+PAL+DEX是预防迟发性和持续期CINV最有效方案。     

基于网络药理学苍耳子的物质基础和作用机制的分析

目的采用网络药理学方法探讨苍耳子功效的物质基础和作用机制。方法通过数据库( TCMSP)收集苍耳子的主要化学成分并筛选候选化合物,寻找其对应的靶点。通过 UniProt数据库提取作用靶点的基因名称,在 DAVID数据库获得与靶点相关的信号通路并进行富集筛选,采用 Cytoscape 3.7.0建立、网络图并通过 Omicshare 3.0对富     

不同性别癫痫患者维库溴铵剂量-反应曲线的测定

目的 研究性别对癫痫患者维库溴铵量效关系的影响,为维库溴铵个体化应用提供参考. 方法 选取择期癫痫手术患者100例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄19岁～4l岁,病史2年～23年,分为男性组(M组)与女性组(F组),每组各50例,均有服用抗癫痫药物史,术前无酸碱平衡及水电解质紊乱,心、肺、肝、肾功能正常.每组患者按随机数字表法分为20、30、40、50、60 μg/kg 5个剂量组,每组10例.记录拇内收肌四个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)第1次反应最大抑制的百分率并进行概率单位转换,将维库溴铵的首次剂量进行对数转换,用直线回归方法分别建立男、女患者维库溴铵剂量-反应曲线,并记录起效时间. 结果 男性癫痫患者维库溴铵50％有效量(50％ effective dose,ED50)、75％有效量(75％effective dose,ED75)、90％有效量(90％ effective dose,ED90)、95％有效量(95％ effective dose,ED95)值分别为(31±6)、(40±8)、(50±9)、(57±7)tμg/kg,女性癫痫患者维库溴铵ED50、ED75、ED90、ED95值分别为(31±6)、(40±7)、(50±9)、(58±9) μg/kg,两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);5个剂量组起效时间在性别组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 性别不影响癫痫患者维库溴铵的剂量-反应曲线.     

恒温湿化氧疗在气管切开患者中的效果观察

目的：探讨恒温湿化氧气吸入对气管切开患者氧疗效果的影响。方法将60例气管切开吸氧患者随机分为实验组和对照组,所有患者在气管切开前均无肺部感染、无肺部慢性疾病、APACHE Ⅱ评分8分以上。实验组采用恒温湿化氧疗,对照组采用湿化瓶吸氧＋间歇湿化法,比较两组患者呼吸频率、氧饱和度、氧分压、二氧化碳分压、气道湿化效果、痰痂形成、呼吸道刺激症状、呼吸道粘膜出血及肺部感染率等方面的差异。结果实验组心率、氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压、二氧化碳分压以及湿化满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论气管切开病人采用恒温湿化氧疗湿化效果较好。     

Antiaging gene Klotho enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by up-regulating plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 in MIN6 β-cells

Klotho is a recently discovered antiaging gene. Klotho is expressed in mouse pancreatic islets and in insulinoma β-cells (MIN6 β-cells). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells by overexpression and silencing of Klotho. It is interesting that overexpression of Klotho increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells. Overexpression of mouse Klotho protein also significantly increased plasma membrane levels of transient receptor potential V2 (TRPV2), calcium entry, and the glucose-induced increase in intracellular calcium. On the other hand, knockdown of Klotho by siRNA significantly decreased plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and attenuated glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion. Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of TRPV2, abolished the promoting effects of overexpression of Klotho on glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Thus, TRPV2 lies in the downstream of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that Klotho may enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion by up-regulating plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and thus glucose-induced calcium responses. These findings reveal a previously unidentified role of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells.