2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群归因于被动吸烟的肺癌疾病负担研究

目的 分析重庆市肺癌发病死亡和疾病负担归因于被动吸烟的情况,为开展肺癌防治提供建议。 方法 肺癌死亡个案数据来源于2019年重庆市肿瘤登记报告系统,被动吸烟率来自2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测。计算人群归因危险度百分比(population attributable risk percent, PAR%)、被动吸烟导致的肺癌发病、死亡和疾病负担。采用Excel 2010与SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 2013年30岁及以上成年人被动吸烟率为52.37%。2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率与标化发病率分别为118.44/10万与80.83/10万,死亡率与标化死亡率分别为96.51/10万、63.58/10万。肺癌发病率和死亡率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为19.76和19.04,归因发病率与归因标化发病率分别为23.41/10万和16.34/10万,归因死亡率与归因标化死亡率分别为18.38/10万和12.40/10万。2019年重庆市30岁及以上肺癌早死所致寿命损失年率(years of life lost,YLL)、残疾所致寿命损失年率(years lived with disability,YLD)、调整伤残寿命损失年率(disability adjusted life year,DALY)分别为21.16‰、0.31‰、21.47‰,YLL率、YLD率、DALY率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为21.16、19.76和20.49,归因YLL率为4.34‰,归因YLD率为0.06‰,归因DALY率为4.40‰。 结论 2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率、死亡率、YLL率、DALY率高,被动吸烟率高,肺癌归因于被动吸烟的疾病负担重,应加强落实控烟工作。     

Hypertension is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cohort study

Abstract

Background

Comorbidities are commonly seen in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical implication is not yet well-delineated. We aim to characterize the prevalence and clinical implications of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19.     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤的外科治疗

本文报告113例脑前循环系统动脉管其中包括颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤75例.前交通动脉瘤17例,大脑中动脉瘤10例,人脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤1例.多发动脉瘤5例.共118个动脉瘤在显微镜下直视手术,动脉瘤直接夹闭术108例.孤立或包裹术5例:5例多发动脉瘤行同期手术3例,分期手术2例.术中发生动脉瘤破裂18次.Hunt和HessⅠ～Ⅱ级病人中有例行早期手术.全组术后死亡率为7.9%.着重讨论手术时机.术中动脉瘤破裂处理及多发动脉瘤的治疗.     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

获得性纯红再障患者外周血T细胞亚群分析

目的　本研究通过分析获得性纯红再障患者外周血T细胞亚群 ,进一步探讨该病的细胞免疫发病机制。方法　用抗人CD3、CD4、CD8、IFN γ及IL 4单抗结合人外周血单个核细胞 ,流式细胞术分析单个核细胞中CD3 +、CD4+、CD8+细胞数Th1、Th2、Tc1、Tc2细胞数以及CD4+/CD8+、Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2比值。结果　贫血组患者 ,外周血CD3 +细胞和CD8+细胞明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,CD4+/CD8+比例倒置 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Tc2细胞明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Tc1/Tc2比值降低(P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后血象恢复的患者各增高的亚群细胞均有所恢复 ,接近正常。结论　在获得性纯红再障患者T细胞明显增高 ,其中主要是CD8+细胞 ,而在CD8+细胞中 ,是Tc2细胞发挥了重要作用。经治疗有效的患者 ,其增高的T细胞亚群降低 ,提示以纠正病人细胞免疫异常为主的治疗方案有益于获得性纯红再障的治疗。     

应用低严格度—单引物聚合酶链反应对问号钩体中国参考株的…

Ｇ１、Ｇ２引物是对问号钩体具有特异性引物。分别用Ｇ１或Ｇ２单引物对问号钩体中国参考株进行前４个低严格度循环的ＰＣＲ扩增，扩增带谱显示赖型、犬型、致热型、秋季型、澳洲型、临海型、乌尔夫型、溶血型为一类，而爪哇型、拜伦型、波摩那型、七日热型、巴叶赞型塔拉索夫型、曼耗Ⅱ型是不与以上赖型等血清型本为一类，双曲钩体ａｔｏｃ型及伊利尼细丝体伊利尼型的扩增带谱与问号钩体截然不同。应用苯酚法提取的高纯度钩体ＤＮＡ     

Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.