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1.
K Y Mumcuoglu J Miller R Gofin B Adler F Ben-Ishai R Almog D Kafka S Klaus 《Public health reviews》1990,18(4):335-344
BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the influence of the socioeconomic status of the family and the hygienic practices in the home on the prevalence of head lice infestation in children. METHODS: The study was carried out by analyzing the answers to a standardized epidemiological questionnaire given to parents of school children aged 4-17 in Bet Shemesh, a medium-sized urban town 25 km from Jerusalem. RESULTS: Of 3,000 questionnaires distributed, 958 (31.9%) were completed and returned. The majority of the children (72.4%) had been previously infested with lice. Half of them had other family members, mainly brothers and sisters, who had been infested in the past with lice. In 97.5% of the families the mother was responsible for examining the children for lice, and for carrying out treatment when infestation was present. An association was found between presence of lice infestation and mother's education, age of child, and frequency of shampooing, combing, and examination for lice. There was no association between infestation rates and mother's country of origin, crowding in the home, and the sharing of combs, brushes, hats, scarves, towels, and clothes. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that the incidence of lice infestation depends on the hygienic practices in the home rather than on the socioeconomic status of the family or sharing of personal articles among family members. 相似文献
2.
Benign intracranial hypertension and recombinant growth hormone therapy in Australia and New Zealand
PA Crock JD McKenzie AM Nicoll NJ Howard W Cutfield LK Shield G Byrne 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(4):381-386
Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is reported in three children from Australia and one from New Zealand, who were being treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Three males and one female, aged between 10.5 and 14.2 y, developed intracranial hypertension within 2 weeks to 3 months of starting treatment. A national database, OZGROW, has been prospectively collecting data on all 3332 children treated with rhGH in Australia and New Zealand from January 1986 to 1996. The incidence of BIH in children treated with growth hormone (GH) is small, 1.2 per 1000 cases overall, but appears to be greater with biochemical GHD (<10IUml -1 ), i.e. 6.5/1000 (3 in 465 cases), relative risk 18.4, 95% confidence interval 1.9-176.1, than in all other children on the database. The incidence in patients with Turner's syndrome was 2.3/1000 (1 in 428 cases). No cases in patients with partial GHD (10–20 IUml -1 ) or chronic renal failure were identified. Possible causative mechanisms are discussed. The authors'practice is now to start GH replacement at less than the usual recommended dose of 14IUm-2 week-1 in those children considered to be at high risk of developing BIH. Ophthalmological evaluation is recommended for children before and during the first few months following commencement of rhGH therapy and is mandatory in the event of peripheral or facial oedema, persistent headaches, vomiting or visual symptoms. The absence of papilledema does not exclude the diagnosis. 相似文献
3.
Martin P. Kafka 《Archives of sexual behavior》1997,26(5):505-526
The longitudinal history and temporal stability of total sexual outlet (TSO) in a group of outpatient males with paraphilias (PA) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRD) was assessed. Based on extant normative data from contemporary population-based surveys of sexual behavior, it was hypothesized that a persistent TSO of 7 or more orgasms/week for a minimum duration of 6 months be considered as the lower boundary for hypersexual desire in males. In almost all statistical analyses, the PA (n = 65) and PRD (n = 35) groups were not statistically different. The mean current TSO (PA, 7.4 ± 5.7; PRD, 8.0 ± 4.2) as well as the current average time consumed in all unconventional sexual behaviors (1–2 hr/day) were not statistically different. Unconventional sexual behaviors (i.e., related to PAs or PRDs) leading to orgasm constituted 77% of current TSO. In the combined group (n = 100), 72% (n = 72) reported a hypersexual TSO of 7 or greater. Age of onset of hypersexual TSO in the PAs (19.2 ± 6.8 years; range 10–43) and the PRDs (21.0 ± 8.6; range 10–46) and the duration of hypersexual TSO (PA, 11.1 ± 11.2 years; PRD, 10.5 ± 9.1) were not significantly different. Fifty-seven males (57%) reported a TSO of 7 or more for a minimum duration of 5 years. Clinical implications of reconceptualizing PAs and PRD as sexual desire disorders are discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
Using a newly devised 50-channel photometer which records the opacity of growing bacterial cultures, it was shown that the time taken by cultures diluted 1/1000 in fresh broth to reach 50% of the opacity of a fully grown culture was inversely related to the concentration of organisms in the original culture. This relation was used to determine the numbers of survivors after exposure to benzylpenicillin and gentamicin alone and in combination. The procedure is commended as a labour-saving and potentially rapid method of obtaining comprehensive information on the bactericidal action and interaction of antibiotics. 相似文献
6.
KM Kanal NJ Hangiandreou AM Sykes HE Eklund PA Araoz JA Leon BJ Erickson 《Journal of digital imaging》2002,14(1):30-37
The aims of this work were to measure the accuracy of one continuous speech recognition product and dependence on the speaker's
gender and status as a native or nonnative English speaker, and evaluate the product's potential for routine use in transcribing
radiology reports. IBM MedSpeak/Radiology software, version 1.1 was evaluated by 6 speakers. Two were nonnative English speakers,
and 3 were men. Each speaker dictated a set of 12 reports. The reports included neurologic and body imaging examinations performed
with 6 different modalities. The dictated and original report texts were compared, and error rates for overall, significant,
and subtle significant errors were computed. Error rate dependence on modality, native English speaker status, and gender
were evaluated by performing ttests. The overall error rate was 10.3 +/- 3.3%. No difference in accuracy between men and women
was found; however, significant differences were seen for overall and significant errors when comparing native and nonnative
English speakers (P = .009 and P = .008, respectively). The speech recognition software is approximately 90% accurate, and
while practical implementation issues (rather than accuracy) currently limit routine use of this product throughout a radiology
practice, application in niche areas such as the emergency room currently is being pursued. This methodology provides a convenient
way to compare the initial accuracy of different speech recognition products, and changes in accuracy over time, in a detailed
and sensitive manner. 相似文献
7.
D. Naber Anna Wirz-Justice Marian S. Kafka 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1982,55(4):277-288
Summary Binding to rat brain- and-adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, dopamine and opiate receptors was measured at 4-hour intervals throughout a 24-hour period in animals, chronically treated with fluphenazine, and in controls. Drug treatment significantly changed characteristics of the circadian rhythms in all 5 receptors. In the presence of the drug the 24-hour mean binding to the dopamine receptor was decreased; to the other 4 receptors it was increased. Moreover, there were changes in the timing of the maximal receptor binding (phase-position) and in the amplitude of the rhythms. These results extend previous studies, showing that chronic neuroleptic treatment not only affects the dopamine receptors, but also other neurotransmitter receptors, profoundly modifying their temporal organisation. 相似文献
8.
9.
This study was designed to compare the growth of Pakistani schoolchildren in the UK with the 1990 UK growth standards. Measurements of height, weight, and sitting height were performed on 785 Pakistani schoolchildren aged 5-14 years with the mean values for each age and sex being plotted on the UK growth standards. The results were expressed as SD scores relative to the 1990 reference data. The mean height for the boys was only 0.2 SD scores below the mean for the new growth standards with the mean height for the girls being 0.4 SD scores below the mean. The mean values for weight and body mass index were 0.3 and 0.5 SD scores less than the mean for boys and girls respectively. This study demonstrates that the growth of Pakistani schoolchildren in the UK is comparable to the 1990 UK growth standards with only minor differences. It is not safe to assume that short stature or low body weight in a Pakistani child is due to his or her ethnic background. 相似文献
10.
Comprehensive mutational scanning of the p53 coding region by two- dimensional gene scanning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A comprehensive mutational scanning test for the p53 coding region based on
multiplex PCR and two-dimensional DNA electrophoresis was designed and
evaluated. In a 2-step multiplex PCR, the p53 coding region (exons 2-11)
was amplified as a single 8646-bp fragment by long- distance PCR in step
one. This fragment served as a template for the subsequent co-amplification
of the individual exons in two multiplex groups in step two. The multiplex
products were then separated, first on the basis of size in non-denaturant
polyacrylamide gels and then on the basis of sequence by denaturing
gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Primers for optimal PCR, melting
behavior and 2-D gel distribution were designed using a recently developed
computer program. The resulting two-dimensional gene scanning (TDGS) test
was evaluated by screening, in a blinded fashion, 29 coded DNA samples from
Li- Fraumeni syndrome patients with previously identified germline
mutations. All mutations were correctly detected. This assay provides an
accurate, cost-effective and non-radioactive method for simultaneous
mutational scanning of all p53 coding exons.
相似文献