Reversal of diabetes in BB rats by transplantation of encapsulated pancreatic islets

Prolonged survival of pancreatic islet allografts implanted in diabetic BB rats was achieved by encapsulation of individual islets in a protective biocompatible alginate-polylysine-alginate membrane without immunosuppression. Intraperitoneal transplantation of the encapsulated islets reversed the diabetic state of the recipients within 3 days and maintained normoglycemia for 190 days. Normal body weight and urine volume were maintained during this period, and no cataracts were detected in the transplant recipients. In contrast, control rats receiving transplants of unencapsulated islets experienced normoglycemia for less than 2 wk. These results demonstrated that microencapsulation can protect allografted islets from both graft rejection and autoimmune destruction without immunosuppression in an animal model that mimics human insulin-dependent diabetes.     

白术、枳实、玫瑰花挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺研究

目的确定白术、枳实、玫瑰花挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的最佳包合工艺。方法采用正交试验法,对挥发油与β-环糊精的包合进行3因素3水平考察。结果挥发油与β-CD投料比为1:9,β-CD与加水量的比为9:100倍,包合时间为4h,包合率为85.3%。结论用此法得到的挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的包合率较高,包合物性质稳定,而且包合操作简单。     

中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床研究

目的：观察滋肾通痹颗粒联合小剂量西药“采氟米特”治疗类风湿性关节炎患者临床疗效及免疫学指标的变化。方法：应用中药补肾滋阴类药物生地，女贞子、杜仲、鸡血藤等，联合西药“来氟米特”提高免疫功能，应用中药藤类药物宣痹通络。活血舒筋治疗“顽痹”。中西药结合治疗类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者共70例。治疗前后进行总疗效、主要症状、体征及实验室指标对比观察。结果：70例中临床治愈率24．3％；有效率25．7％；总有效率为94．3％。关节疼痛、肿胀。功能障碍指数、晨僵时间、双手握力和15米步行速度等观察指标治疗后明显优于治疗前（P〈0．01）。结论：中西医结合治疗RA能明显提高机体免疫能力。抗过敏、改善临床症状及实验室指标。中西医结合治疗RA能取长补短，增强疗效，减少副作用，减轻患者经济负担。可使RA患者长期维持治疗。     

Feasibility of treating hyperfibrinogenemia with intermittently administered batroxobin in patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack for secondary prevention.

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of batroxobin in treating hyperfibrinogenemia for secondary stroke prevention. Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were measured for plasma fibrinogen levels. Selected participants had concomitant hyperfibrinogenemia (plasma fibrinogen > or = 3.0 g/l). Patients enrolled between 1 July 2003 and 31 December 2004 were treated with batroxobin; patients enrolled between 1 January 2002 and 30 June 2003 were treated without batroxobin. Batroxobin was administered intermittently via intravenous injection at 3-monthly intervals. Patients in both groups were followed for 1 year. Any cerebrovascular events and suspected adverse events were recorded. In total, 112 ischemic stroke/TIA patients with concomitant hyperfibrinogenemia were enrolled, 52 being treated with batroxobin and 60 without batroxobin. Six patients (11.5%) with batroxobin and 16 patients (26.7%) without batroxobin had recurrent cerebral ischemic events during follow-up. Stroke/TIA recurrence in patients without batroxobin was higher than that in patients with batroxobin (P < 0.05). Two patients with batroxobin and two patients without batroxobin developed hemorrhagic stroke during follow-up. There were five deaths (9.6%) in the batroxobin group, and seven deaths (11.7%) in the nonbatroxobin group during follow-up (P > 0.05). Intermittent intravenous injection of batroxobin can efficiently reduce the risk for stroke/TIA recurrence in patients with concomitant hyperfibrinogenemia.     

输尿管上段结石的微创手术治疗

目的：探讨输尿管上段结石的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石(URSL），后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石(RLU)、经皮肾穿刺取石(PCNL)治疗输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料。其中URSL组25例，RLU组20例。PCNL组9例。结果：URSL组碎石成功18例；7例不成功，其中3例改为开放手术，1例改为后腹腔镜取石。2例行ESWL术，1例仅留置双J管。术后1个月拔管后自行排出。2例并发输尿管穿孔。RLU组取石成功18例，2例滑入肾内，经配合输尿管镜和腹腔镜直视下经皮肾穿刺取石成功，术后15例有伤口漏尿。PCNL组成功9例，无并发症。结论：USRL创伤小。术后恢复快。是治疗输尿管上段结石的较为满意的治疗方法。PCNL创伤小，取石成功率高，在结石靠近肾盂、儿童输尿管上段结石并同侧肾结石和结石以下输尿管狭窄时应优先考虑。但技术难度较大。RLU可作为URSL不成功后的辅助治疗方法。     

Chronic opioid treatment of neuroblastoma X dorsal root ganglion neuron hybrid F11 cells results in elevated GM1 ganglioside and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and onset of naloxone-evoked decreases in membrane K+ currents

Prolongation of the action potential duration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by low (nM) concentrations of opioids occurs through activation of excitatory opioid receptors that are positively coupled via G_s regulatory protein to adenylate cyclase. Previous results suggested GM1 ganglioside to have an essential role in regulating this excitatory response, but not the inhibitory (APD-shortening) response to higher (μM) opioid concentrations. Furthermore, it was proposed that synthesis of GM1 is upregulated by prolonged activation of excitatory opioid receptor functions. To explore this possibility we have utilized cultures of hybrid F11 cells to carry out closely correlated electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of chronic opioid treatment on a homogeneous population of clonal cells which express many functions characteristic of DRG neurons. We show that chronic opioid exposure of F11 cells does, in fact, result in elevated levels of GM1 as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), concomitant with the onset of opioid excitatory supersensitivity as manifested by naloxone-evoked decreases in voltage-dependent membrane K⁺ currents. Such elevation of GM1 would be expected to enhance the efficacy of excitatory opioid receptor activation of the G_s/adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, thereby providing a positive feedback mechanism that may account for the remarkable supersensitivity of chronic opioid-treated neurons to the excitatory effects of opioid agonists as well as antagonists. These in vitro findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndromes and opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic opiatf addiction in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Cannabinoid receptor down-regulation without alteration of the inhibitory effect of CP 55,940 on adenylyl cyclase in the cerebellum of CP 55,940-tolerant mice

The objective of this study was to determine whether the development of tolerance to CP 55,940, a potent cannabinoid agonist, was due to changes in the receptor or second messenger system. ICR mice treated with CP 55,940 (2 mg/kg) twice a day for 6 and one-half days developed a high degree of tolerance to the pharmacological effects of CP 55,940. The ability of CP 55,940 to produce motor hypoactivity, hypothermia and immobility was reduced 163-, 97- and 19-fold, respectively. Evaluation of 3H-CP 55,940 binding to rat brain membranes indicated no difference in receptor affinity between the vehicle- and CP 55,940-treated animals. However, these binding studies revealed a 50% decrease in receptor number in the cerebellum of the CP 55,940-tolerant mice. Although cAMP is generally considered to be the second messenger for cannabinoid receptors, little difference was observed in the inhibitory effects of CP 55,940 on adenylyl cyclase activity in cerebellum between vehicle and drug-treated mice. However, there was an increase in receptor mRNA which suggests a compensation for receptor loss. There are several possible explanations for these results. There may be sufficient spare receptors such that CP 55,940-tolerant mice are capable of producing a maximal effect on the second messenger system. On the other hand, one could conclude that cannabinoid receptor down-regulation does not account for the development of tolerance to all of the effects of CP 55,940 in mice.     

实验国际学校学生膳食及营养状况的调查

本文对南京实验国际学校369名6～11岁学生进行了膳食及营养状况的分析研究。结果表明：该校学生膳食中除视黄醇、钙及锌（9～11岁组）不足外，其余营养素和热能均超过推荐供应量。蛋白质量足质优。脂肪在一天总热能中比例较高．达到30％左右。该校学生营养过剩发生率达18．4％．提示该校食堂要注意学生膳食的合理调配．防止学生摄入过多脂肪和热能；同时建议增加含钙、锌高的食物供给，以补充其不足。     

广东省梅县乡(镇)卫生院卫生人力资源的现状调查分析

乡(镇)卫生院是农村三级医疗预防保健网的中心环节,是我国农村实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的关键。本文通过对广东省梅县乡(镇)一级卫生院卫生人力状况的调查分析,结果表明,目前该县乡镇卫生院的机构稳定,卫技人员占编比例合理,年龄较轻,成为今后农村卫生院发展的优势。但存在着卫生技术人员的总体数量不足,素质较差,各类专业技术人员的构成比例失调和层次分布不合理等问题,同时提出了如何加以改善的对策措施。