原发性输尿管癌31例临床分析

目的：提高原发性输尿管癌的术前诊断水平。方法：对南京医科大学第一附属医院1989-2002年间收治的31例原发性输尿管癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：31例中，肉眼血尿22例(71．0％)，腰痛11例(35，5％)。B超、静脉肾盂造影(IVU)、CT和逆行造影检查的阳性率分别为输尿管腔内占位4例(13．0％)、输尿管腔内占位3例(11．5％)、膀胱或合并膀胱占位8例(36．4％)，输尿管充盈缺损6例(40．0％)。29例患者经手术治疗，其中13例行患侧肾、输尿管、膀胱袖状切除。结论：老年患者反复发作的腰痛及血尿应考虑原发性输尿管癌的可能，造影诊断对本病有较高价值，应作CT及MRU无创检查。     

原发性附睾腺癌一例报告

患者　 5 7岁。因右睾丸肿胀、坠痛40ｄ于 2 0 0 0年 4月 5日入院。曾以附睾炎处理 ,无效 ,肿块渐增大 ,且疼痛加剧。查体 :右附睾肿大 ,尾部可及一肿块约2ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ ,质硬 ,触痛明显 ,结节感 ,与阴囊皮肤无粘连。右侧精索增粗。双腹股沟区未扪及明显肿大淋巴结。直肠指检 :前列腺Ⅱ度增生 ,质中等 ,中央沟变浅 ,两侧叶未扪及结节。Ｂ超检查 :右侧睾丸后下方及上极见低回声区 ,肿瘤待排。诊断 :右侧附睾占位病变 ,肿瘤待排除。给予抗感染治疗 1周 ,症状体征未改善。血清甲胎蛋白 (ＡＦＰ)和绒毛膜促性腺激素 (β ＨＣＧ)正常 ,血…     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

苗勒管永存综合征（2例报告并文献复习）

目的：探讨苗勒管永存综合征（PMDS）的病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法：报告2例PMDS。1例伴睾丸横过异位；另1例伴隐睾。伴隐睾者予隐睾切除，两者均接受子宫体大部切除和睾丸固定术。结果：随访1.5-2年，2例患者睾丸质地、血流均正常。结论：PMDS为一种男性假两性畸形，治疗应力求保护睾丸的血供和生殖功能，并密切随访。     

胰、十二指肠及肾联合获取、修整和保存的实验研究

目的：对供者胰、十二指肠及肾等器官的联合获取、修整和保存方法进行研究。方法：采用原位腹主动脉插管、低温灌注、快速整块切取及体外修整获得可供移植的胰、十二指肠及肾移植物。2例用UW液保存的供胰用于实验研究。结果：获取8例供者的移植物,平均热缺血时间为4min50s,获取时间为18min20s。7例修整成适用于临床作胰、十二指肠及肾的移植物,平均时间为2h。后4次采用UW液灌注和保存的供者器官中,对其中2例供胰进行了保存研究,UW液保存18h的供胰超微结构正常。结论：此方法适合于供者胰、十二指肠及肾的联合获取、修整和保存。     

哈乐在良性前列腺增生伴急性尿潴留中的应用

目的 :探讨α1A肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂哈乐 (tamsulosin)对良性前列腺增生 (BPH)伴急性尿潴留病人的治疗作用。方法 :对 72例BPH伴急性尿潴留病人采用随机、对照研究 ,分为治疗组和对照组。病人均行保留导尿 ,口服抗生素治疗。治疗组加用哈乐 0 .4mg ,1次 /d ,连续服用 3次。 72h后拔除导尿管。　结果 :拔除导尿管后 4 4 % (32 / 72 )的病人能自行排尿。有效率治疗组为 6 1% (2 2 / 36 ) ,对照组为 2 8% (10 / 36 ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :对BPH伴急性尿潴留应用哈乐治疗 ,可提高早期拔除导尿管后病人自行排尿的成功率 ,且疗效与前列腺体积大小无关。     

阴囊Paget病15例报告

阴囊Paget病又称湿疹样癌 ,是一种罕见的泌尿系恶性肿瘤。 1970至 1999年我院收治 15例。现总结报告如下。材料与方法　本组 15例。年龄 42～ 80岁 ,平均 52岁。病程 1～ 15年 ,平均 4.5年。 2例有煤焦油、润滑油接触史。 8例首发症状为阴囊瘙痒 ,4例有烧灼感 ,3例为阴囊瘙痒伴烧灼感。 7例为皮疹型 ,5例为红斑型 ,2例为渗出型 ,1例为糜烂型。 6例累及腹股沟阴囊皮肤 ,5例累及阴茎根部阴囊皮肤 ,4例累及会阴部阴囊皮肤。皮损范围 0 .5cm×0 .5cm～ 11.0cm× 5.0cm ,平均 3 .5cm× 2 .5cm。 14例单处皮损 ,1例两处皮损。 3例腹股沟区可触及…     

腔镜下甲状旁腺腺瘤切除1例

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是一种严重的内分泌代谢疾病,临床较少见,欧美国家报道其年发病率7.8/10万[1].主要导致代谢紊乱,其中以泌尿系统结石最常见,骨病、消化性溃疡及胰腺炎次之,治疗首选手术切除.我们应用微创腹腔镜技术治疗1例甲状旁腺腺癌,效果良好,现报道如下.     

无张力性吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法13例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁在连续硬膜外麻醉下经阴道前壁行无张力阴道吊带术，低平截石位，经阴道前壁向上穿刺尿道两侧间隙，从耻骨上腹壁引出TVT吊带，调整张力，关闭切口。结果手术时间15～45min，平均35min。13例随访6～24个月，平均13个月，12例治愈，1例改善，无尿失禁复发或排尿困难。结论TVT操作简单，创伤小，手术时间短，术后恢复快，治疗压力性尿失禁疗效好。