试题与解答

1.以下关于大角膜的描述是正确的是哪一项: A)最常见为常染色体显性遗传;     

高度近视眼白内障手术疗效观察

目的　分析高度近视眼白内障手术效果。方法　高度近视合并白内障病例共１９１ 例（２７９ 只眼）,行白内障术后３ｍｏ以上,随访视力、眼屈光度及并发症,计算测量误差及ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式误差。结果　术后矫正视力０ ．５ 者２００ 只眼,占７１．７ ％ ;矫正视力＜ ０．１ 者１３ 只眼,占４ ．７ ％ － 眼轴越长,近视性眼底病变越重。术后发生视网膜脱离２ 只眼（０ ．７％） 。眼轴长度测量误差值平均为０．５３ｍｍ ,ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式计算的平均绝对屈光误差值为１．１２Ｄ。结论　高度近视眼白内障手术效果较一般人群差,且眼轴越长效果越差。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术与角膜上皮下磨镶术对中高度近视高阶像差影响的对比研究

目的 比较准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）和准分子激光上皮下磨镶术（LASEK）对中高度近视眼高阶像差的影响。方法 选择中高度近视行准分子激光屈光手术的连续病例27例（41眼）,其中LASIK14例（23眼）、LASEK13例（18眼）。使用Zeiss-WASCA客观像差仪在术前和术后6月测量患眼暗室自然瞳孔下的波前像差。结果 术后6月两组总高阶像差均方根（RMSh）以及3～5阶高阶像差均方根（RMS3～5）均明显高于术前,以RMS4最明显。LASIK组术后RMSh的增幅高于LASEIK组（P=0.042）。LASIK组术后Y轴彗差（Z8）与球差（Z12）明显增高（均P〈0.01）。LASEK组术后Z12明显增高（P〈0.01）。LASIK组术后Z8大于LASEK组（P=0.021）。结论 对于中高度近视矫正,LASEK对高阶像差的影响比LASIK小。     

近视患者角膜非球面度及相关因素的分析

目的 明确近视人群中角膜非球面度(Q值)的平均值及分布范围,研究相关因素对Q值的影响.方法 收集564例(564眼)近视患者的病史并进行常规眼科检查,检测其角膜厚度、眼轴长度、角膜非球面度(Q值)、角膜不规则指数(corneal irregularity measurement, CIM)、角膜地形图散光值和平均角膜屈光度;分析年龄、性别、等效球镜、软性角膜接触镜配戴时间、角膜厚度、角膜散光、平均角膜屈光度、CIM值等对Q值的影响.结果 Q值分布范围-0.02～-0.72,平均-0.29±0.11,低、中、高度近视Q值分别为-0.25±0.11,-0.27±0.11,-0.32±0.11.CIM值与Q值绝对值之间呈正相关,平均角膜屈光度与Q值绝对值呈负相关;有、无软性角膜接触镜配戴史组的Q值间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 近视人群的角膜非球面度平均值为-0.29,低、中、高度近视眼角膜非球面度存在差异;CIM值、平均角膜屈光度与角膜非球面度有相关性;软性角膜接触镜配戴、年龄、性别对非球面度无影响.     

正常角膜及圆锥角膜的生物力学特性比较研究

Objective To compare the corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) in normal and keratoconic eyes. Methods It was a case-control study. Random selected 96 normal eyes and 46 keratoconic eyes in the same period were included in this study. Normal eyes were divided into 2 groups: high corneal astigmatism (≥3.00 D) and low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism (<3.00 D). Keratoconic eyes were also divided into 3 groups based on Amsler-Krumeich classification: mild (stage Ⅰ), moderate (stage Ⅱ) and severe (stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ). CH and CRF were compared between groups and the areas under ROC curves of the CH and CRF were calculated. Results The mean CH and CRF were (7.1±1.6) mm Hg and (6.3±1.5) mm Hg in keratoconic eyes compared with (10.1±1.3) mm Hg and (10.5±1.6) mm Hg in normal eyes. The difference were statistically significant(t=-11.813, -14.943 ;P<0.001). In normal eyes, there was no difference of CH or CRF between the high corneal astigmatism and low-to- moderate corneal astigmatism (t=0.373,0.095; P>0.05). In keratoconic eyes, there was a significant negative correlation between CH and the keratoconus grade (r=-0.627, P<0.001) and the same relationship was found between CRF and the keratoconus grade (r=-0.587, P<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, CH was correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature (r=0.320, -0.375;P<0.05) and CRF was correlated with corneal curvature in keratoconic eyes (r=-0.441 ,P<0.01), while they were only correlated with CCT in normal eyes (r=0.367,0.459;P<0.001). The areas under ROC curves of the CH and CRF were 0.9282 and 0.9731 (Z=20.462,38.305 ;P<0.0001), the difference between them was significant (Z =7.134,P=0.008). Conclusions The CH and CRF were significantly lower in keratoconic eyes than in normal eyes, especially on CRF. The long-term follow-up of CH and CRF may provide information for evaluation of progression of keratoconus. They may be included as indicators for detecting keratoconus.     

蓝光对豚鼠离焦性近视进展的抑制作用及其视锥细胞密度变化机制

目的观察蓝光干预对光学离焦性近视豚鼠屈光发育的影响及其作用机制。方法选取普通级2周龄三色豚鼠48只, 采用抛硬币法随机分成蓝光组和白光组, 每组各24只。所有豚鼠右眼佩戴-5.00 D镜片建立光学离焦模型, 为实验眼;左眼为自身对照, 不予遮盖。实验前及实验开始后8周, 采用带状光检影镜测量豚鼠屈光度, A型超声测量前房深度、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度, 角膜曲率计测量角膜曲率半径。实验开始后8周, 采用过量麻醉法处死豚鼠, 取右眼眼球并分离视网膜, 采用视网膜铺片免疫荧光染色观察豚鼠视网膜S及M视锥细胞密度;采用高效液相色谱分析法检测视网膜视黄酸表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测视网膜视黄酸受体(RAR-β)和巩膜中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂2(TIMP-2)及Ⅰ型胶原的表达;采用苏木精-伊红染色观察巩膜厚度变化。结果实验开始后8周, 蓝光组实验眼较白光组实验眼出现(0.63±0.12)D相对远视, 眼轴增长延缓(0.08±0.00)mm;蓝光组对照眼较白光组对照眼出现(0.42±0.09)D相对远视, 眼轴增长延缓(0.08±0.00)mm;蓝光组实验眼较蓝光组对...     

早期圆锥角膜患者的角膜后表面形态分析

 目的 应用Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统分析早期圆锥角膜后表面形态的特点,为完善早期圆锥角膜形态特点的描述提供参考。方法 选取亚临床期圆锥角膜患者（43人43眼）,可疑圆锥角膜患者（40人40眼）及正常对照（143人143眼）。使用Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统检测角膜,统计分析后表面最大屈光度、后表面最大高度值、分布位置及各指标的组间差异,计算各指标的受试者工作曲线（ROC曲线,反映一项检测指标的敏感度和特异度）下面积。结果 亚临床圆锥角膜组、可疑圆锥角膜组和正常组的平均后表面最大屈光度分别为-6.2 D,Q=0.5;-5.6 D,Q=0.3;-5.5 D,Q=0.3。平均后表面最大高度分别为23 μm,Q=14;11 μm,Q=8.5;7 μm,Q=6。因数据分布为非正态分布,因而采用中位数和四分位间距表示法,Q代表四分位间距。后表面最大屈光度和后表面最大高度在各组之间均存在统计学意义的差别,且在前表面屈光度和高度出现异常前,后表面屈光度和高度已经发生改变。在诊断早期圆锥角膜中,后表面屈光度最大值、后表面高度最大值的ROC曲线下面积最大。结论 基于Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统的检测结果, 角膜后表面屈光度、后表面高度的变化是早期圆锥角膜形态改变的重要特点。     

蓝光与眼健康

蓝光是波长介于400 ～ 500 nm的短波长光,蓝光对视网膜细胞造成损伤的特性引起了学者广泛的关注.同时,它在调节昼夜节律、产生暗视力以及屈光发育等方面具有重要作用.蓝光是否安全？是否该从日常生活中清除？本文对蓝光的作用及安全性问题作一综述.     

正常角膜及圆锥角膜的生物力学特性比较研究

Objective To compare the corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) in normal and keratoconic eyes. Methods It was a case-control study. Random selected 96 normal eyes and 46 keratoconic eyes in the same period were included in this study. Normal eyes were divided into 2 groups: high corneal astigmatism (≥3.00 D) and low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism (<3.00 D). Keratoconic eyes were also divided into 3 groups based on Amsler-Krumeich classification: mild (stage Ⅰ), moderate (stage Ⅱ) and severe (stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ). CH and CRF were compared between groups and the areas under ROC curves of the CH and CRF were calculated. Results The mean CH and CRF were (7.1±1.6) mm Hg and (6.3±1.5) mm Hg in keratoconic eyes compared with (10.1±1.3) mm Hg and (10.5±1.6) mm Hg in normal eyes. The difference were statistically significant(t=-11.813, -14.943 ;P<0.001). In normal eyes, there was no difference of CH or CRF between the high corneal astigmatism and low-to- moderate corneal astigmatism (t=0.373,0.095; P>0.05). In keratoconic eyes, there was a significant negative correlation between CH and the keratoconus grade (r=-0.627, P<0.001) and the same relationship was found between CRF and the keratoconus grade (r=-0.587, P<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, CH was correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature (r=0.320, -0.375;P<0.05) and CRF was correlated with corneal curvature in keratoconic eyes (r=-0.441 ,P<0.01), while they were only correlated with CCT in normal eyes (r=0.367,0.459;P<0.001). The areas under ROC curves of the CH and CRF were 0.9282 and 0.9731 (Z=20.462,38.305 ;P<0.0001), the difference between them was significant (Z =7.134,P=0.008). Conclusions The CH and CRF were significantly lower in keratoconic eyes than in normal eyes, especially on CRF. The long-term follow-up of CH and CRF may provide information for evaluation of progression of keratoconus. They may be included as indicators for detecting keratoconus.     

中药超声雾化熏蒸联合 IPL 治疗 糖尿病患者白内障术后干眼症

〔摘 要〕 目的：采用中药超声雾化熏蒸联合强脉冲光（IPL）治疗糖尿病患者白内障术后干眼症的疗效分析。方法： 选取宁德师范学院附属宁德市医院 2018 年 6 月至 2020 年 6 月期间收治的 60 例糖尿病患者白内障术后干眼症,随机 数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各 30 例（60 只眼）。观察组进行超声雾化熏蒸联合 IPL 治疗。对照组采用滴眼液方法, 记录结果进行统计分析。结果：治疗前两组患者的睑板腺分泌物性状（MGYSS）评分、眼表疾病指数（OSDI）、泪 膜破裂时间（BUT）比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）;随着治疗时间两组患者的 MGYSS 评分、OSDI 均有不 同程度下降,BUT 有不同程度延长,且观察组患者在治疗 1 周后、1 个月后及 3 个月后 MGYSS 评分、OSDI 均低于 对照组,BUT 均长于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗期间两组患者均未见明显并发症。结论：中药 超声雾化熏蒸联合 IPL 治疗糖尿病患者白内障术后干眼症有较好的疗效,使糖尿病患者白内障术后获得更好视觉体验。