大鼠脊髓缺血再灌流时脊髓神经元对躯体和内脏传入刺激的反应

５０只大鼠用乌拉坦麻醉，箭毒制动。通过阻断腹主动脉血流以模拟腰段脊髓的局部缺血和再灌流损伤，玻璃微电极记录Ｌ２节段脊髓单位放电（ＳＣＵＤｓ），观察缺血再灌流时脊髓神经元对腓神经刺激（ＰＮＶ），内脏大神经刺激（ＶＬＮＶ）及两者同时刺激（ＳＶ）的反应。结果在缺血前所记录的１３３个自发放电单位中，对３种刺激均产生兴奋（Ｅ）、抑制（Ｉ）及无反应（ＮＲ）３种形式的反应，表明大鼠Ｌ２节段脊髓存在躯体、内脏和躯体内脏反应性神经元，并有会聚和阻塞现象。在脊髓缺血再灌流时，神经元对ＰＮＶ、ＶＬＮＶ、ＳＶ也产生Ｅ、Ｉ、ＮＲ３种形式的反应，提示脊髓缺血再灌流时神经元对躯体和内脏传入刺激的反应形式不受影响；但缺血时ＳＣＵＤｓ对ＰＮＶ、ＶＬＮＶ产生反应的单位数减少，这表明脊髓缺血损伤时神经元对躯体和内脏传入刺激的反应性减弱，随着缺血损伤加重，脊髓神经元对躯体内脏信号的整合功能下降     

Anti-RMA: a murine monoclonal antibody that activates rat macrophages. I. Distribution and characterization of the RMA antigen.

Activated macrophages participate in inflammation by eliminating foreign cells, promoting wound healing, and modulating the immune response. A murine monoclonal antibody, designated anti-rat macrophage activator (RMA), was raised against alveolar macrophages (AM) activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The RMA antigen is expressed by resident macrophages but not by other cells. Binding to AM by anti-RMA is not competitively inhibited by the murine monoclonal antibodies MRC OX-41, OX-42, and OX-43. Surface membrane expression of RMA antigens is upregulated by lipopolysaccharide, PMA, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by IFN-gamma. Stimulation of AM with anti-RMA yields distinct ultrastructural alterations, as well as de novo protein and DNA synthesis. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine metabolically labeled AM yields a 120 kD protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) that is not altered by chemical reduction. We conclude that the RMA antigen is macrophage specific and that binding of anti-RMA to AM promotes functional activities in a subset of these cells.     

Anti-RMA, a murine monoclonal antibody, activates rat macrophages: II. Induction of DNA synthesis and formation of multinucleated giant cells

Anti-RMA is a murine anti-rat monoclonal antibody that binds to a 120-kD surface membrane antigen expressed primarily by alveolar macrophages. Saline-lavaged alveolar macrophages (AM) formed clusters after incubation with anti-RMA. Anti-RMA produced multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in approximately 15% of adherent AM, and the F (ab')2 fragment of anti-RMA yielded MGC in approximately 9% of AM. The Fab fragment of anti-RMA did not promote MGC formation, nor did the murine anti-rat monoclonal antibodies OX41 and W3/25 (anti-CD4). Although anti-RMA produced a tenfold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation by AM, it yielded a minimal increase in the number of AM. Autoradiography of AM stimulated with anti-RMA showed heterogeneous labeling of nuclei in MGC, suggesting that 3H-labeled AM may fuse with AM that are not actively synthesizing DNA. These findings suggest that binding of anti-RMA to AM may activate DNA synthesis, and promote clustering and fusion of AM, leading to MGC formation.     

Unhealthy eating behaviour in adolescents

In recent years, eating disorders (Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa) have increased and are appearing at increasingly younger ages. They affect predominantly adolescent females 12 to 25 years of age. The objective of this study of adolescents is to detect and discuss unhealthy eating behaviour, defined by either of two factors: (1) following a slimming diet not advised or supervised by any person trained in health care; or (2) eating very large quantities at irregular times, not related to anxiety or stress. A transversal study has been undertaken of 630 school children of 14–18 years of age (average: 15.9 years) in Cádiz (Andalucia, Spain), using an anonymous self-reporting questionnaire to collect data on personal and educational situation, on eating habits, on nutritive intake and knowledge of nutrition, and on dieting and physical exercise. The study has considered averages, ratios, statistical significance (x ²) and, as a measure of risk, the Disequality Ratio of Prevalence (DRP). Anomalous eating behaviour was detected in 46.3% (292), with females predominant by a ratio of 2:1. Comparing groups with anomalous and with normal eating habits, significant differences were detected in respect of: perception of body image (p<0.001), frequency of weighing oneself (p<0.05), periods of abstinence from eating (DRP 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–2.37), provocation of vomiting (DRP 2.02; 95% CI: 1.13–3.65), use of laxatives (DRP 4.25; 95% CI: 1.08–9.63), and the exclusion of certain meals and types of food, mainly bread and cereals, fats and sugars. Conclusions are drawn on the substantial scale of unhealthy eating behaviour among adolescents in Cadiz. More adequate education on personal health and related social issues should be provided.     

复方丹参片对颈动脉粥样硬化兔PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1信号通路的影响

目的：通过动物实验阐明复方丹参片对颈动脉粥样硬化兔PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1信号通路的影响。方法：高脂饲料加空气干燥法建立兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型,并用100mg/kg和100mg/kg剂量的复方丹参片进行治疗后,经耳缘静脉抽血后空气栓塞处死兔,迅速剥离颈动脉,并检测各组动物血脂含量、颈动脉病理学变化及兔颈动脉中PPAR-γ、LXR-α及ABCA1的表达。结果：复方丹参片能显著降低兔血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白(P<0.01);并能抑制内膜增生,减少脂质沉积,增加PPAR-γ、LXR-α及ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白质的表达(P<0.01)。结论：复方丹参片可能通过激活PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1信号通路而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。     

18 F-FDG符合线路正电子显像对肺癌的诊断价值研究

目的探讨18F-FDG符合线路正电子显像对肺癌的诊断价值。方法利用双探头符合线路SPECT对105例可疑肺癌患者进行18F-FDG正电子显像,并进行同机CT图像融合。利用感兴趣技术计算病变与对侧正常部位的放射性计数比值(T/NT)对病灶进行半定量分析,比较视觉分析和半定量分析18F-FDG符合线路正电子显像对肺癌的诊断效能。结果视觉分析对肺癌的诊断灵敏度为92.13%,特异性为56.25%,准确性为86.66%。以T/NT≥2.7为判断阈值,半定量分析的灵敏度为95.5%,特异性为81.3%,准确性为93.3%。结论18F-FDG符合线路正电子显像视觉分析结合半定量分析对肺癌的诊断具有较高的灵敏度、特异性和准确性,可应用于肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

基于指纹图谱分析和多成分同时定量的益安宁丸质量评价研究

摘 要 目的：建立益安宁丸的HPLC指纹图谱,并测定5种主要成分（人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1、五味子酯甲和丹参酮ⅡA）的含量,为益安宁丸的质量控制提供可靠方法。 方法: 采用Waters Sunfire TM C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A） 0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱（0～5 min,2% A;5～15 min,2%A→10%A;15～25 min,10%A→30%A;25～40 min,30% A;40～60 min,30% A→90% A;60～70 min,90% A）;流速为1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长为203 min（0～60 min,检测人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1和五味子酯甲）、270 nm（60～70 min,检测丹参酮ⅡA）;柱温35 ℃。 结果: 在指纹图谱研究中,共确定益安宁丸HPLC指纹图谱26个共有峰,通过与混合对照品比较指认其中7个指标成分,分别是6号 五味子酯甲、16号 人参皂苷Rg1、17号 人参皂苷Rb1、18号 三七皂苷R1、23号 丹参酮Ⅰ、24号 五味子甲素和26号 丹参酮ⅡA,利用相似度软件对14批样品指纹图谱进行分析,各批样品相似度均在0.98以上。在建立的色谱条件下试验5个成分分离度良好,方法精密度和重复性RSD值均＜1.5%,供试品溶液在24 h内稳定,各成分具有良好的线性关系和较宽线性范围;6批益安宁丸中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1、五味子酯甲和丹参酮ⅡA质量分数分别在7.187 0～7.254 0,9.086 0～9.250 0,2.109 0～2.288 0,11.208 0～11.338 0和1.374 0～1.458 0 mg·g-1。 结论: 所建立的益安宁丸HPLC指纹图谱检测和定量测定分析方法快速、准确,可以有效地评价益安宁丸的质量。     

Reduction of Foxp3+ T cell subsets involved in incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Foxp3+ T cells (CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ Treg) have been demonstrated to play roles in the maintenance of tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT). We have found that Foxp3+ γδTCR+ Treg cells (γδTregs) exerted regulatory functions. In the current study, patients were recruited and divided as non‐cGVHD, limited cGVHD and extensive cGVHD groups. Healthy volunteers were recruited as healthy group. Treg cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐2, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were evaluated by ELISA. The results showed that percentages of CD4+ Tregs, CD8+ Tregs and γδTregs were all significantly increased in non‐cGVHD group compared with those in healthy group, limited cGVHD group and extensive cGVHD group. Moreover, compared with extensive cGVHD group, percentages of these three types of Tregs were significantly increased in limited cGVHD group. The levels of TGF‐β1 increased dramatically in non‐cGVHD group compared with other groups. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the increased levels of TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 were positively associated with increased Treg subsets, indicating that TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 participated in the expansion process of Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. Our findings support that increasing the number of Tregs following allo‐HSCT would be a preferential strategy for controlling cGVHD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interventional therapy for chronic simple atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremity

Objective： To explore the efficacy of interventional therapy for chronic atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity. Methods： Fifty-six cases of simple atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremity were divided into 3 types according to the location of occhision, including 17 cases of abdominal aorta-iliac artery, 18 cases of iliac-femoral artery, and 21 cases of inferior popliteal artery. Catheter and guide wire combined with blunt dissection and subtle banding were used to dredge the occluded vessels, and stents were implanted when interlayer appeared. Results： After the treatment, 46 cases of occlusion were dredged （82.1%）, 6 cases remained occluded with the same symptoms （10.7%）, and 4 cases had severer symptoms （7.1%）. Among the 46 successful cases, there were 16 cases of abdominal aorta-iliac artery （94.1%）, 16 cases of iliac-femoral artery （88.9%） and 14 cases of inferior popliteal artery, artery （66.6%）. There was no statistical difference between the abdominal aorta-iliac artery cases and iliac-femoral artery cases （P〉0.05）, but there was statistical difference between these two types and the inferior popliteal artery cases （P〈0.05）. In the successful cases, 9 cases of abdominal aorta-iliac artery （52.9%）, 10 cases of iliac-femoral artery （55.5%） and 10 cases of inferior popliteal artery （33.3%） had 5-10 cm of occlusion, with no statistical difference between the first two types （P〉0.05）, but with statistical difference between the first two types and the third type （P〈0.05）. Compared with the 14 dredged cases （71.4%）, the 7 cases （33.3%） of inferior popliteal artery cases had richer compensatory circulation （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： It＇s safe and effective to treat simple atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity with interventional therapy. The location and length of occlusion and the abundance of compensatory circulation had effect on the therapy.     

医学科研管理人员的管理类型与职业要素研究

根据具体工作表现,将医学科研管理人员分为积极推动型、上传下达型、消极被动型、个体障碍型四种基本管理类型,并解析相应管理类型的管理要素、管理效能和入职素质,从医学科研管理人员和上层决策者两个角度提出了相应的实践与管理建议.