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排序方式: 共有1443条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Erin L. Sutfin Jennifer Cornacchione Ross Allison J. Lazard Elizabeth Orlan Cynthia K. Suerken Kimberly D. Wiseman 《Health communication》2019,34(3):343-351
ABSTRACTAdolescents and young adults smoke waterpipe tobacco (WT) and cigarillos, at least in part, based on erroneous beliefs that these products are safer than cigarettes. To address this challenge, we used a systematic, three-phase process to develop a health communication campaign to discourage WT and cigarillo smoking among at-risk (tobacco users and susceptible non-users) 16- to 25-year-olds. In Phase 1, we used a national phone survey (N = 896) to determine salient message beliefs. Participants reported constituents (i.e., harmful chemicals) emitted by the products were worrisome. In Phase 2, we developed and evaluated four message executions, with varying imagery, tone, and unappealing products with the same constituents, using focus groups (N = 38). Participants rated one execution highly, resulting in our development of a campaign where each message: (1) identified a tobacco product and constituent in the smoke; (2) included an image of an unappealing product containing the constituent (e.g., pesticides, gasoline) to grab attention; and (3) used a humorous sarcastic tone. In Phase 3, we tested the campaign messages (17 intervention and six control) with a nationally representative online survey (N = 1,636). Participants rated intervention and control messages highly with few differences between them. Exposure to messages resulted in significant increases in all risk beliefs from pre to post (p < 0.05). For WT, intervention messages increased beliefs about addiction more than control messages (p < 0.05). This systematic, iterative approach resulted in messages that show promise for discouraging WT and cigarillo use. 相似文献
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ALBERTO Q FARIAS LUCIANA L GONÇALVES EDUARDO LR CANÇADO ANTONIO C SEGURO SILVIA B CAMPOS CLARICE P ABRANTES-LEMOS FLAIR J CARRILHO 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2006,20(1):147-152
Background and Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) might be complicated by osteoporosis, whose etiology remains unknown but seems to be multifactorial. Prevalence rates of 30% to 60% for distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) have been reported in PBC patients, generally as incomplete DRTA. Although it is undisputed that a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is the expected outcome among patients who have been suffering from longstanding chronic metabolic acidosis, it is unclear if incomplete DRTA is also associated with metabolic bone disease in PBC patients. The present study was undertaken to compare the BMD of PBC patients with and without DRTA.
Methods: The BMD of 23 PBC patients (11 with DRTA and 12 without), all with normal clearance of creatinine, was assessed by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry. The diagnosis of DRTA was made if the urine pH was above 5.4 in all samples after the oral acid overload, showing tubular inability to acidify urine in the presence of test-induced systemic metabolic acidosis.
Results: Densitometric signs of osteoporosis were found in 82% of DRTA cases and in 83% of patients without DRTA (difference not significant). There were no significant differences in BMD measurement, T and Z scores of patients with and without DRTA.
Conclusions: The present study could not support a correlation between the presence of DRTA and the bone loss observed in PBC patients. 相似文献
Methods: The BMD of 23 PBC patients (11 with DRTA and 12 without), all with normal clearance of creatinine, was assessed by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry. The diagnosis of DRTA was made if the urine pH was above 5.4 in all samples after the oral acid overload, showing tubular inability to acidify urine in the presence of test-induced systemic metabolic acidosis.
Results: Densitometric signs of osteoporosis were found in 82% of DRTA cases and in 83% of patients without DRTA (difference not significant). There were no significant differences in BMD measurement, T and Z scores of patients with and without DRTA.
Conclusions: The present study could not support a correlation between the presence of DRTA and the bone loss observed in PBC patients. 相似文献
4.
Detection of frequent allelic loss on proximal chromosome 17q in sporadic breast carcinoma using microsatellite length polymorphisms. 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
P A Futreal P S?derkvist J R Marks J D Iglehart C Cochran J C Barrett R W Wiseman 《Cancer research》1992,52(9):2624-2627
Analyses of losses of heterozygosity and linkage studies have implicated a gene(s) on chromosome 17q in the genesis of sporadic and early-onset familial breast carcinomas, respectively. To define the critical region of 17q, we examined DNAs from a series of 20 sporadic breast carcinomas and corresponding blood samples for allelic losses of chromosome 17q using microsatellite length polymorphisms. With these highly informative markers (average heterozygosity, 0.73), we observed frequent deletions of 17q at several loci. We found that D17S250 was deleted in 50% (7 of 14), THRA1 in 79% (11 of 14), D17S579 in 59% (11 of 19), NME1 in 29% (5 of 17), MPO in 36% (4 of 11), and GH in 25% (4 of 16) in the tumor set examined. A common region of deletion was found that was flanked by D17S250 to D15S579. These markers have recently been localized to a 6-cM interval of proximal chromosome 17q in bands 17q11.2-q21 and map within the region of the early-onset familial breast cancer locus, implying that the same gene or genes may be involved in both sporadic and familial breast tumors. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor alpha are two potential candidate genes in this region. 相似文献
5.
D A Gremse K J Peevy N Simon H J Wiseman 《Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition》1987,6(6):977-979
Patients with clinical signs of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in the neonatal period usually present with prolonged obstructive jaundice. We report a patient with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency who presented with gallbladder enlargement in the neonatal period. This gallbladder enlargement may be due to cystic duct hypoplasia or atresia, which has been reported in association with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. The diagnosis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency should be considered in neonates with gallbladder enlargement and prolonged obstructive jaundice. 相似文献
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This study is part of a programme to elicit and examine community preferences for health care in different contexts. Data were obtained from a group of predominantly Australian health care decision-makers. A short questionnaire contained six valuation questions and four demographic questions. The six valuation questions posed choices where equal health gains were to be allocated to different population groups based upon: age; sex; current health; socio-economic status; across time; and across different numbers of individuals. The results provide some evidence that respondents were prepared to discriminate between health gains derived in different contexts especially where health gains were to be allocated between groups of different health status and over time. Further research is planned and the possible implications for health policy, and in particular for resource allocation in health care, are briefly discussed. 相似文献
8.
MGC Hendriks P Dogterom JT Ebels B Oosterhuis LR Geertsema T Hulot G Bianchetti and JHG Jonkman 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》1998,12(5):559-565
Summary— In the present study we have compared the steady state biopharmaceutic characteristics of four diltiazem once daily controlled release capsules: Mono-Tildiem LP 300® (300 mg), Adizem® XL (300 mg)1, Cardizem® (300 mg) and Dilacor® (240 mg). Sixteen healthy male volunteers (aged 22.9 ± 3.3 years, range 19–31 years) completed an open label, multiple oral dose, randomized, four-period crossover study without a washout period in between. The volunteers received each diltiazem formulation once daily for four days. Trough diltiazem and metabolites plasma concentrations were determined on days 3 and 4. The 24-h plasma concentration-time profiles were assessed after the dose on day 4 of each period. The following steady state pharmacokinetic parameters for diltiazem were calculated: the minimum plasma concentration (cmin), the maximum plasma concentration (cmax), the time to reach that concentration (tmax), the time interval during which the plasma concentration exceeds 50% of cmax (t50), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC72–96) and the peak-to-trough fluctuation (PTF). For the metabolites of diltiazem, N-mono-desmethyl-diltiazem (NDM) and desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), AUC72–96 (AUCNDM and AUCDAD) and the ratio metabolite/parent compound were calculated. Steady state was achieved on day 3. Except one, all controlled release formulations have satisfactory controlled release properties allowing once daily administration. However, significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the pharmacokinetic characteristics which do not allow exchange of the various formulations. Concentrations well below 50 ng·mL-1 in the morning hours were observed for Dilacor® (240 mg) and Adizem® XL (300 mg), which could be a disadvantage of these formulations as it is well-known that ischaemic events occur at a higher rate during that part of the day. The plasma concentration profiles of NDM and DAD, the major circulating metabolites, parallel the plasma concentration profiles for the parent compound. From a clinical point of view, all treatments were well tolerated. 相似文献
9.
Experimental infection of cattle of different ages with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (Strichen strain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The clinical signs and pathological lesions which developed in various ages of cattle experimentally infected intranasally with the "Strichen" strain of IBR virus were similar to, but generally milder than, those of the field disease. The clinical signs were most severe 4 days after infection and had almost wholly regressed after 12 days. Serum neutralizing antibodies were detected in every animal. Virus was isolated from nasal and ocular swabs for up to 13 days and 10 days, respectively, after infection. The clinical signs and the pathological lesions were more severe in the younger animals. 相似文献
10.
Human leukocyte antigen matching and fetal loss: results of a 10 year prospective study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Ober C; Hyslop T; Elias S; Weitkamp LR; Hauck WW 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(1):33-38
The role that maternal and fetal human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play
in pregnancy is unknown, but it has been suggested that fetuses whose HLA
alleles do not differ from maternal alleles (i.e. histocompatible fetuses)
are more likely to be aborted than fetuses with HLA alleles that differ
from maternal alleles (i.e. histoincompatible fetuses). To elucidate the
role of HLA compatibility in pregnancy, we tested the hypothesis that
couples who match for HLA alleles or haplotypes would have reduced
fertility because only these couples could produce histocompatible fetuses.
We conducted a 10 year prospective study of HLA matching and pregnancy
outcome in 111 Hutterite couples, providing information on 251 pregnancies.
A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of
HLA matching at HLA regions and loci on pregnancy outcome (fetal loss
versus delivery). Significantly increased fetal loss rates were observed
among couples matching for the entire 16-locus haplotype (P = 0.002). Among
the individual loci, loss rates were increased among couples matching for
HLA-B (P = 0.019), HLA-C (P = 0.033) and the complement component, C4 (P =
0.043). We interpret these results as evidence that matching for the entire
16-locus haplotype and/or alleles at an HLA-B-linked locus confers
significant risk for fetal loss.
相似文献