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Study DesignSystematic review.IntroductionContrast baths are used as an intervention in hand therapy, yet it is unclear which patients, if any, benefit from this intervention.Purpose of the StudyTo examine the nature and quality of the evidence regarding the use of contrast baths using a systematic review process.MethodsOf a total of 28 clinical research articles on contrast baths, from 1938 forward, ten met the inclusion criteria set by the authors.ResultsThese studies addressed the physiological changes of hot and cold on blood flow, intramuscular temperature, subcutaneous temperature, and the influence of room temperature and age. The subjects included normal/healthy volunteers and patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, or foot/ankle injuries. The diversity of conditions, protocols, and outcomes limited the ability to make definitive conclusions on efficacy.ConclusionsThe contrast bath procedure may increase superficial blood flow and skin temperature, though the evidence on the impact on edema is conflicting. No relationship between physiologic effects and functional outcomes has been established.Level of Evidence: 2A 相似文献
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G. Bradley Schaefer James N. Thompson John B. Bodensteiner James M. McConnell William J. Kimberling Charles T. Gay William D. Dutton David C. Hutchings Stanton B. Gray 《Annals of neurology》1996,39(3):382-385
There are conflicting reports on the relationship between cerebellar vermal lobule hypoplasia and autism. Using quantitative magnetic resonance image analysis, we measured the cerebellar vermis in 125 normal individuals with a broad age range and 102 patients with a variety of neurogenetic abnormalities. We conclude that hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII is a nonspecific finding that even occurs in several conditions without autistic behavior. This suggests that it is not a specific neuroanatomical marker for autism, nor is cerebellar dys- genesis likely to be solely responsible for clinical autistic behaviors. 相似文献
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Endovascular stent implantation in patients with stenotic aortoarteriopathies: early and medium-term results. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ernest S Siwik Stanton B Perry James E Lock 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2003,59(3):380-386
Data regarding stent implantation for stenotic aortoarteriopathy (SAA) are incomplete. We report on nine patients with this rare syndrome who underwent arterial stent implantation. Indications, results, and complications for patients with SAA were reviewed. Nine patients underwent 11 procedures. Twenty-two stents were implanted in the aorta or brachiocephalic vessels. Five patients had diffuse stenoses, three patients had middle aortic syndrome, and one patient had thoracic and abdominal coarctation. Associated diagnoses included Williams syndrome (2), neurofibromatosis (2), Takayasu's (1), and congenital rubella (1). Median gradient was 60 mm Hg (20-140 mm Hg). Poststent gradient was 15 mm Hg (0-60 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Additional stents were implanted in two patients and five underwent stent redilation. Two patients (22%) were found to have aneurysm formation. Stent implantation effectively provides gradient relief in SAA. Gradient reduction persists or is amenable to redilation. Importantly, however, uncomplicated stent implantation does not preclude aneurysm formation and may be more common than in traditional patient groups. 相似文献
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Role of interferon in lethality and lymphoid atrophy induced by Coxsackievirus B3 infection in mice.
M R Capobianchi D Matteucci A Giovannetti E Soldaini M Bendinelli J G Stanton F Dianzani 《Viral immunology》1991,4(2):103-110
To assess the importance of interferon (IFN) in the pathology of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB-3) infection, we evaluated both mortality rate and lymphoid involution in young adult BALB/C mice infected with lethal doses of the virus and treated either with anti-IFN antibody or with murine IFN-alpha/beta. Administration of antibody to IFN caused a profound worsening of the pathology and an increase in the mortality rate in infected animals. Treatment with murine IFN exerted a significant ameliorative effect on lethality when administered concomitantly with or soon after virus infection. The extent of this protection was correlated with the plasma levels of exogenous or endogenous IFN at 6 h postinfection, whereas no correlation with IFN titers was found later. The effects of IFN apparently were not directly mediated by antiviral effects, because at the times studied, no relation was found between IFN levels and virus titers, at least in the plasma of the infected animals. Lymphoid atrophy, assessed by measuring spleen weight, was only partially reversed by early IFN treatment. These data suggest that IFN production is critical during the early phases of infection, whereas it does not seem to play a significant protective role at later stages. 相似文献
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Potential advantages and disadvantages of dual-career relationships are identified, and strategies for addressing common issues encountered by dual-career couples are presented. With regard to career issues, clarification of expectations and discussion between partners regarding career commitment, job selection and mobility, and maintenance of professional identity is emphasized. Benefits of dual-career relationships include shared occupational interests, financial rewards, and respect for each partner's professional expertise. Strategies for managing domestic responsibilities include modifying standards, setting priorities, and distributing tasks evenly among family members. Pharmacist couples who are parents have chosen several routes in managing child-care issues, including postponing childbearing until each adult's career is established, decreasing one partner's career involvement, and hiring community or in-home caretakers. Sharing equally in child care can help prevent an excessive workload for one parent. Progressive family-oriented employment practices may also aid dual-career couples with children. Striking a balance between career and family is identified as perhaps the most challenging task facing the dual-career couple; time distribution must be adjusted according to the couple's priorities. Identifying realistic priorities, negotiating honestly regarding attainment of mutual and individual goals, and maintaining flexibility are key in achieving success in the professional and private lives of two-pharmacist couples. 相似文献
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Amaya Gillespie Warren Stanton John B. Lowe Beth Hunter 《The Journal of school health》1995,65(10):432-437
ABSTRACT: This study obtained input from Australian student smokers approximately 15 years old, which may be useful in designing school-based smoking cessation programs. The sample was analyzed by previous quitting experience and intentions to quit. The order of preference for assistance options and incentives for quitting was similar across all groups: however, those who previously attempted to quit (previous quitters) and those who intended to quit (intenders) in the future were significantly more likely than non-quitters and non-intenders to find assistance options for quitting acceptable. The potential for saving money emerged as an important variable in convincing all groups of smokers not to smoke, and using personal willpower and cutting down slowly were identified as important in actual attempts to quit. The need for programs to be free and for friends to be supportive also was evident across all groups. 相似文献