Psychosocial mechanisms of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence of prostate cancer survivors

Abstract

Purpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial.

Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects.

Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3?months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6?months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables.

Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time.

Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI.     

Delivery of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin to the mouse lung using lung-accumulating liposomes proves unsuccessful

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Addition of solid doxorubicin or solutions to pre-formed liposomes proved to be the optimal method for incorporating the drug into liposomes whilst...     

阿米替林合并认知疗法治疗精神分裂症后抑郁的对照研究

目的　评价阿米替林合并认知疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁的治疗效果。方法　将符合CCMD 3诊断标准的 86例精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组给予阿米替林合并认知治疗 ,对照组织给予阿米替林治疗 ,疗程 12周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、简明精神病量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表 (SANS)评定临床疗效 ,采用副反应量表 (TESS)评定副反应。结果　在治疗的 4、8、12周末 ,HAMD评分治疗组优于对照组 ,显效率分别为 83 95 %和 6 1 90 % (u =5 .83,P <0 0 5 )。结论　阿米替林与认知治疗组结合治疗精神分裂症后抑郁疗效好于单用阿米替林治疗。     

A computerized system for image cephalometrics]

This system is composed of: (1) a perspective table, (2) TV camera, (3) a high-resolution image displayer, (4) a computer, (5) a laser printer The functions of this system are as follows: (1) It can perform cephalometries directly from image of X-ray film, (2) it can diagnose and analyse the deformity and provide treatment plan. This system is valuable for orthodontics and surgical orthodontics.     

Lesbianism in China

Lesbianism in China has a long but usually hidden history. This paper examines the historical and literary sources of the past to illustrate the history of lesbianism and then turns to a survey of lesbianism in the China of today. As in the past, lesbianism remains more or less hidden, and comes to light only occasionally. Data for contemporary China comes from a visit to an institution for delinquent young women, recent police records, and contemporary fiction. It has only been in the past 4 or 5 years that it was possible to talk about lesbianism and most lesbians are fearful of becoming identified.     

Involvement of Cerulospinal Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Fentanyl-induced Muscular Rigidity in the Rat

Background: Investigators in the authors' laboratory previously established the critical participation of the cerulospinal noradrenergic pathway in muscular rigidity elicited by fentanyl. The identification of colocalization of glutamate with tyrosine hydroxylase in most locus ceruleus neurons suggests a role for cerulospinal glutamatergic neurotransmission in fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity. This suggestion and the subtype(s) of glutamate receptors involved were investigated here.

Methods: Electromyographic signals activated by bilateral microinjection of 2.5 micro gram fentanyl into the locus ceruleus were recorded differentially from the left sacrococcygeus dorsi lateralis muscle of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of intrathecal administration at the lower lumbar spinal cord of various N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor antagonists or agonists on this index of muscular rigidity was studied. Rats were under mechanical ventilation, and intravenous infusion of ketamine (30 mg [center dot] kg sup -1 [center dot] h sup -1) was maintained until 10 min before fentanyl was administered.

Results: Microinjection of fentanyl bilaterally into the locus ceruleus increased the root mean square and decreased the mean power frequency values of electromyographic signals. The efficacy of fentanyl to elicit muscular rigidity in this manner was significantly reduced by previous intrathecal administration of either 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801), D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), or (+/- (CPP). Intrathecal administration of kainic acid or NMDA also resulted in significant electromyographic activation.