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1.
Intracerebral vascular reactivity induced by the nitric oxide (NO) donor isosorbide dinitrate (IDN, 5 mg sublingually) is more major and longer-lasting in migraine patients who develop delayed headache in response to the drug. The headache is purportedly due to neuronally-mediated vascular mechanisms. Indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, which is involved in NO generation. Indomethacin also decreases cerebral blood flow by constricting precapillary resistance vessels. In the present study, the hemodynamic effects of indomethacin were evaluated in migraine patients and healthy controls by means of transcranial Doppler monitoring. Indomethacin caused a significant decrease in mean flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery. This was an additional effect to the mean velocity decrease induced by IDN. The interactions between the two drugs suggest that their effects on cerebral hemodynamics (and pain) may be of relevance both in understanding the role of NO in migraine pathogenesis and in evaluating symptomatic treatments for migraine attacks.  相似文献   
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Objective: Right upper lobe collapse is a common radiographic finding in intubated children. We hypothesized that deep suctioning and uncontrolled negative pressures during endotracheal tube suctioning were significant contributory factors. Methods : The incidence of right upper lobe (RUL) collapse in intubated, ventilated children on a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit was determined over a 3-month period ( n = 102). Graduated suction catheters and suction vacuums of < 165 cm H2O were then introduced. Another prospective audit was carried out 3 months later ( n = 60). Results : We found that 24% developed RUL collapse and 4 developed an apical pneumothorax. Following the introduction of graduated catheters and controlled vacuums pressures, a significant reduction in the incidence of RUL collapse, to 7%, was observed ( p < 0.05). Conclusions : We conclude that high negative pressure and deep-suctioning causes RUL collapse in children. Any lobar collapse not only prolongs the child's stay in intensive care, but can be associated with further morbidity which may have a serious implication. By improving suctioning technique this morbidity can be significantly reduced.  相似文献   
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It is still unclear whether i.v. immunoglobulins (Ig) can facilitate the reproductive prognosis of women who have suffered recurrent pregnancy loss. We report the results of a multicentre placebo- controlled study on the effect of Ig administration on pregnancy outcome in 46 women who had suffered at least three recurrent miscarriages. All were screened to exclude chromosomal or Mullerian abnormalities, the presence of antinuclear antibodies, lupus anticoagulant (LA) or elevated titres of anticardiolipin antibodies which may have revealed an underlying autoimmune problem. To avoid a selection bias towards ongoing pregnancies, i.v. Ig or placebo were administered between weeks 5 and 7 of gestation for 2 consecutive days as soon as each woman knew she was pregnant and before embryonic heart activity could be detected. A further infusion was administered at week 8 when ultrasonography confirmed an ongoing embryonic development. In all, 68% of the women who received Ig went to term versus 79% of those who received a placebo (not significant), with no significant differences in the pregnancy course or the perinatal outcome. These results suggest either that women with recurrent miscarriages who have no recognized cause of pregnancy loss have a good reproductive prognosis without any treatment or that the emotional care associated with the administration of a placebo can indirectly facilitate the progression of pregnancy.   相似文献   
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Urocortin 1-containing neurons in the human Edinger-Westphal nucleus   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The topographical location of neurons containing urocortin 1, a peptide related to corticotropin-releasing factor was investigated in human postmortem brain by immunohistochemistry, and compared with the location of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic cells. A three-dimensional computer reconstruction of the urocortin 1 and choline acetyltransferase-positive population of neurons within the oculomotor area was made. It was shown that the urocortin 1-positive neurons are located within the area identified as the Edinger-Westphal nucleus according to the human brain stem atlas, and that the neurons identified as Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the atlas are not choline acetyltransferase-positive. This finding agrees with recent animal studies showing that urocortin 1-positive neurons are not identical with the parasympathetic cholinergic neurons projecting to the ciliary ganglion. They indicate that the neurons identified as Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the human brain stem atlas belong to the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whereas the location of preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus remains unidentified.  相似文献   
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Liver hemangioma: US-guided 18-gauge core-needle biopsy   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Heilo  A; Stenwig  AE 《Radiology》1997,204(3):719
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10.
Patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were treated with recombinant interferon alpha A (rIFN- alpha A). The binding of iodinated recombinant interferon-alpha to baseline samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the leukemia patients was compared with clinical responsiveness to rIFN- alpha A. HCL patients (8/10) responded to rIFN-alpha A therapy, whereas none (0/10) of the CLL patients studied responded. The PBMCs from the eight responsive HCL patients bound approximately twice as much iodinated interferon as the PBMCs from nonresponsive CLL patients. This difference was due to more high-affinity receptors per cell with no difference in the affinity of the interferon-receptor interaction. However, because PBMCs from HCL patients were larger than PBMCs from CLL patients, the cell surface receptor density was similar. The leukemic cells from one of the two nonresponsive HCL patients bound iodinated interferon similarly to the cells from the responsive HCL patients, whereas the leukemic cells from the other nonresponsive HCL patient bound considerably less. The rapidity of response of the HCL patients did not correlate with the level of binding of iodinated interferon. Our results suggest that the absolute number of interferon receptors per cell may be only one of several important parameters in the response to rIFN-alpha A therapy, and that the responsiveness of a particular lymphoproliferative disease or a particular patient to rIFN- alpha A therapy cannot be predicted or explained solely by the degree of interaction between IFN and its cell surface receptor.  相似文献   
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