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1.
HIV coinfections with tuberculosis among HIV-1 infected individuals in old cross river state,Nigeria
Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko Immaculate Ugochi Ejike Chioma Innocent-Adiele Tochi Ifeoma Cookey 《Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry》2020,41(3):245-256
ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are two main global public health threats that dent development in low and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the HIV/TB co-infection rate among HIV-1 infected individuals in old Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 417 HIV-infected individuals participated in this study, 241 (57.8%) from Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria and 176 (42.2%) from Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. The age range of the 417 HIV-1 positive individuals who participated in the study was 4–72 years with an average age of 39.1 years. Plasma samples were analyzed for HIV and TB using fourth-generation Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay. The CD4 count was enumerated using the Partec CyFlow® Counter. Plasma viral loads (PVL) were determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 assay. Results showed that 230 (55.2%) of the participants were in the 31–45 years age range. The majority (67.4%) of the HIV-1 infected individuals were females and 32.6% were males. An overall prevalence of HIV/TB coinfection in Old Cross River State, Nigeria was 1.4%, with Akwa Ibom State (0.6%) and Cross River State (1.2%). A higher prevalence of HIV/TB coinfection was observed among females (1.8%) than in males (0.7%). Higher prevalences of HIV/TB coinfections was observed in patients above 45 years of age (2.2%), married (2.3%), tertiary education (1.8%) followed by those with secondary education (1.4%), traders and civil servants (3.1%), patients with CD4 counts 200–349 and ≥500 cells/μl (1.9%), and those with viral load <40 copies/mL (2.7%). This study confirmed the presence of HIV/TB co-infection in old Cross River State, Nigeria. Although the prevalence rate of HIV/TB coinfection was low, its presence alone among HIV-1 infected individuals makes it a major source of concern. This finding highlights the need for a well-structured approach to the management of co-infection, and this includes both the social and medical aspects of the problem. 相似文献
2.
Bayés B Lauzurica R Granada ML Serra A Bonet J Fontseré N Salinas I Romero R 《Transplantation》2004,78(1):26-30
BACKGROUND: New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) is a severe complication of kidney transplantation (KTx) with negative effects upon patient and graft survival. Several risk factors for NODAT have been described; however, the search for an early predictive marker is ongoing. It has recently been demonstrated that high concentrations of adiponectin (APN), which is an adipocyte-derived peptide with antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, protect against future development of type 2 diabetes in healthy individuals. The purpose of this report was to study pretransplant insulin resistance and analyze pretransplant serum leptin and APN levels as independent risk factors for the development of NODAT. METHODS: A total of 68 KTx patients were studied [mean age, 48 +/- 11 years; 70% males; body mass index (BMI), 25 +/- 3 kg/m]; 31 KTx patients with NODAT and 37 KTx patients without NODAT (non-NODAT) with similar age, sex, BMI, immunosuppression, and posttransplant time were studied. All patients received prednisone and calcineurin inhibitors (75% tacrolimus and 25% cyclosporine A), and 76% of patients received mycophenolate mofetil. Family history of diabetes mellitus was recorded. Pretransplant homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Pretransplant serum leptin and APN levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: NODAT patients showed higher pretransplant plasma insulin concentrations [NODAT, 13.4 (11-22.7) microIU/mL; non-NODAT, 10.05 (7.45-18.4) microIU/mL; P=0.049], HOMA-IR index [NODAT, 4.18 (2.49-5.75); non-NODAT, 2.63 (1.52-4.68); P=0.043], and lower pretransplant serum APN concentration [NODAT, 8.78 (7.2-11.38) microg/mL; non-NODAT, 11.4 (8.56-15.27) microg/mL, P=0.012]. Inverse correlations between APN and BMI (r=-0.33; P=0.014) and APN and HOMA-IR index (r=-0.39; P=0.002) and between APN and NODAT (r=-0.31; P=0.011) were observed. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the patients with lower pretransplant APN concentrations to be those at greater risk of developing NODAT [Odds Ratio=0.832 (0.71-0.96); P=0.01]. CONCLUSION: Pretransplant serum APN concentration is an independent predictive factor for NODAT development in kidney-transplanted patients. 相似文献
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Assumpta Caixàs Albert Lecube María-José Morales Alfonso Calañas José Moreiro Fernando Cordido María-Jesús Díaz Lluís Masmiquel Basilio Moreno Josep Vidal Albert Goday Juan-José Arrizabalaga Pedro-Pablo García-Luna Paloma Iglesias Bartolomé Burguera Miguel-Angel Rubio Susana Monereo Ross D. Crosby Ronette L. Kolotkin 《Obesity surgery》2013,23(4):509-514
Background
Obesity impairs quality of life, but the perception of the impairment could be different from one country to another. The purpose was to compare weight-related quality of life (QOL) between cohorts from Spain and North America.Methods
A cross-sectional case–control study was performed between two populations. Four hundred Spanish and 400 North American obese subjects suitable for bariatric surgery closely matched for race, gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were included. Two non-obese control groups matched for gender, age, and BMI from each population were also evaluated (n?=?400 in each group). The participants completed the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Lite (IWQOL—Lite) questionnaire, a measure of weight-related QOL.Results
Spanish morbidly obese patients showed poorer QOL than their North American counterparts in physical function, sexual life, work, and total score. By contrast, Spanish non-obese control subjects reported better QOL in all domains than their North American counterparts. Women, both in Spain and North America, reported reduced QOL compared to men on the domain of self-esteem. In addition, North American women reported reduced QOL on the sexual life domain compared to men. BMI correlated negatively with all domains of QOL except for self-esteem in both national groups.Conclusions
Spanish obese subjects suitable for bariatric surgery report poorer weight-related quality of life than their North American counterparts, and obese women, regardless of nationality, perceive a reduced quality of life compared to men. 相似文献6.
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Mary Dunnion MSc in Advanced Nursing BSc RGN Assumpta Ryan PhD M.Ed BSc RN PGCTHE FHEA Debbie Goode PhD MSc PGCert PGDip BA RN SFHEA Sonja McIlfatrick PhD MSc BSc RN FHEA FRCSI FRCN FAAN 《International journal of older people nursing》2023,18(3):e12529
Background
For many older people the emergency department (ED) is an important but sometimes difficult step in their healthcare journey. They often attend the ED with co and multi morbidities. Discharge home at evenings and weekends when post-discharge support services are limited can result in a delay or failure to follow through on their discharge plan leading to adverse health outcomes and in some cases, readmission to ED.Objective
The aim of this integrative review was to identify and appraise the support available to older people following discharge from the ED out of hours (OOH).Methods
For this review, out of hours referred to those times after 17.30 until 08.00 a.m. on Mondays to Fridays, all hours on weekends and public holidays. Whittemore and Knafl's (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005;52:546), framework was used to guide all stages of the review process. Articles were retrieved following a rigorous search of published works using various databases, the grey literature and hand search of the reference lists of the studies included.Results
In total 31 articles were included in the review. These comprised systematic reviews, randomised control studies, cohort studies and surveys. Main themes identified included processes that enable support, support provision by health and social care professionals and telephone follow-up. Results identified a significant dearth of out of hours discharge research and a strong recommendation for more concise and thorough research in this important area of care transition.Conclusion
Older person discharge home from the ED presents an associated risk as previous research has identified frequent readmission and periods of ill health and dependency. Out of hours discharge can be even more problematic when it may be difficult to arrange support services and ensure continuity of care. Further work in this area is required, taking cognisance of the findings and recommendations identified in this review. 相似文献9.
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Sekela Mwakyusa Annah Wamae Aggrey Wasunna Fred Were Fabian Esamai Bernhards Ogutu Assumpta Muriithi Norbert Peshu Mike English 《BMC international health and human rights》2006,6(1):9-7