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1.
M T Hegel G G Abel M Etscheidt S Cohen-Cole C I Wilmer 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》1989,20(1):31-39
The hyperventilation syndrome is present in as many as 50% of patients with non-cardiac chest pain. This study evaluated a behavioral treatment of this disorder in three adult females. They had long histories of chest pain and were documented to be free of coronary artery disease. Each subject met the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Following treatment, all subjects showed a marked decrease in the frequency and intensity of chest pain episodes and in the frequency of shortness of breath episodes. Two subjects maintained their progress at one-year follow-up. The results lend support to the efficacy of controlled breathing and relaxation training for the treatment of hyperventilation-related chest pain and to the inclusion of a hyperventilation provocation test in the diagnosis of the syndrome as well as its role in changing cognitions regarding cardiac status. Also discussed is the rationale for treating hyperventilation related chest pain in a medical care setting. 相似文献
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Suppurative corneal ulceration in Bangladesh 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
AAS Dunlop MB BS ED Wright MRCPath † SA Howlader‡ I Nazrul‡ R Husain‡ K McClellan FRACO § FA Billson FRACO § 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1994,22(2):105-110
Suppurative keratitis is an important preventable cause of blindness, particularly in the developing world. This study analyses 142 cases of suppurative keratitis referred to Chittagong Eye Infirmary, Bangladesh. Some 53.5% of cases were bacterial and 35.9% were fungal. The five most common pathogens were: Pseudomonas sp. 24%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 17%, Aspergillus sp. 13%, Fusarium sp. 7% and Curvularia sp. 6%. Gram stain and culture results were consistent in 62.6% of cases. Previous antibiotic treatment was a significant factor for failure of culture isolation and less so for Gram stain failure. On Gram stain, 55.9% of pseudomonal cases were missed, but only 2% of fungal cases were missed. Over all, Gram stain had a sensitivity of 62% and positive predictive value of 84% for bacterial cases, and 98% and 94% for fungal cases, respectively. Fungal ulcers were typically filamentous, but an antecedent history of trauma was not common. The most frequent injury was due to rice grains, but the inoculum appeared to be introduced during eye washing with contaminated water. Pseudomonal ulcers occurred most frequently in the monsoon season, and Fusarium cases were seen only in the hot, dry season. 相似文献
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L R Kelland P Mistry G Abel F Freidlos S Y Loh J J Roberts K R Harrap 《Cancer research》1992,52(7):1710-1716
Clinically, human testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors exhibit remarkable sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. To define better the mechanistic basis for this unusual sensitivity, the biochemical determinants of platinum-induced cytotoxicity have been investigated in a human testicular tumor cell line (GCT27) established from a previously untreated patient and in an in vitro derived 5.6-fold cisplatin-resistant stable variant (GCT27cisR). Compared to 12 ovarian and 5 cervical human tumor cell lines, the parent GCT27 line was among the most sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of both cisplatin (dosage producing 50% inhibition, 0.2 microM) and carboplatin (dosage producing 50% inhibition, 2.9 microM), thus reflecting clinical data. A 4-day exposure sulforhodamine B-staining assay was used to determine that GCT27cisR was cross-resistant to carboplatin and iproplatin and the classical bifunctional alkylating agents melphalan and chlorambucil. Partial cross-resistance was observed to tetraplatin, methotrexate, and mitomycin C. No cross-resistance was observed to Adriamycin, etoposide, vinblastine, bleomycin, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and 5-fluorouracil. Intracellular cisplatin accumulation across the dose range 2.5-100 microM (for 2 h) was 1.6 +/- 0.39-fold (mean +/- SD) greater for the parent line. There was no significant difference in glutathione levels between the two lines. The acquired resistance line was 1.9-fold more resistant than the parent line to the cytotoxic effects of cadmium chloride. There was no significant difference between the two lines, however, in the total amounts of platinum bound to DNA after cisplatin exposure (25, 50, or 100 microM for 2 h). The removal of total platinum adducts from DNA was significantly faster for GCT27cisR compared to the parent line (half-times of removal, 32 and 67 h, respectively). These data suggest that the abnormal sensitivity of the parent testicular tumor cell line to platinum-containing anticancer drugs may be due predominantly to an inherent defect in the ability of these cells to remove platinum from their DNA. This defect is apparently lost in the acquired resistance counterpart. Reduced intracellular accumulation and increased cytoplasmic concentrations of metallothionein may also contribute, in part, to the acquisition of cisplatin resistance in this model. 相似文献
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Gradient of alarm substance in the forced swimming test 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
E L Abel 《Physiology & behavior》1991,49(2):321-323
Three studies were conducted with rats to study the effects of a proposed alarm substance released during the forced swimming test. In the first study, rats were retested in water previously swum in but which had been subsequently diluted to varying degrees. When water was diluted by more than 25% the proposed alarm substance could no longer be detected. In the second study, rats were retested at various times after initial testing. This study showed that the alarm substance was still active by eight days after it had been initially released. The final study tested animals to see if the alarm substance could be depleted by repeated testing. Testing animals for more than an hour did not result in depletion of the alarm substance. These three studies suggest that the proposed alarm substance secreted by rats during the forced swimming test has considerable biological significance. 相似文献
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. We invited Dr Peplau to provide a personal reflection on the recent history of psychiatric nursing and her thoughts on immediate challenges facing the profession. The paper is an individual scholar's commentary on the way that psychiatry has waxed and waned over the years, in relation to nursing. This historical review discovers and reports a challenge to current practice. Dr Peplau describes a professional shift that is pulling nurses toward the subordinate role observed earlier this century. The paper draws attention to how contemporary practice can be positively influenced, e.g., by giving a structure to the allocation and conduct of nurse–patient time. 相似文献
10.
Thomas Abel William C. Cockerham Guenther Lueschen Gerhard Kunz 《Social science & medicine (1982)》1989,28(12):1269-1274
This paper examines whether American males with a high degree of control over their work situation pursue healthy lifestyles and rate their physical health more positively than those who score low on occupational self-direction. That is, are persons who control their work more likely to also try to control their health through living in a particularly healthy manner? We found that there was no support for a spillover effect from high occupational self-direction to enhanced participation in health lifestyles or more positive self-rated health. The findings suggest health lifestyles have spread throughout occupational work groups in the U.S. and support research that maintains such lifestyles have spread across social strata in America. 相似文献