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Vasundhara Sridharan Yuichi Shoda Jaimee L. Heffner Jonathan Bricker 《Substance use & misuse》2019,54(7):1086-1095
Background: Lay belief systems about the malleability of human attributes have been shown to impact behavior change in multiple domains. Addiction mindset—i.e., beliefs about the permanence (vs. malleability) of addiction — may affect cigarette smokers’ ability to quit, but this has never been examined. Objectives: The aims of the present research were to develop a measure of addiction mindset (study 1) and examine its associations with various psychological aspects of quitting smoking (study 2). Methods: In Study 1, using factor analysis of current smokers’ and nonsmokers’ (n?=?600) responses to 22 items designed to measure addiction mindset, we developed a reliable six-item Addiction Mindset Scale (AMS). In Study 2, adult smokers (n?=?200) completed the AMS, and measures of a number of psychological processes related to smoking. Results: Higher scores on the AMS, indicative of the belief that addiction is malleable (referred to as a growth mindset), were positively and significantly associated with greater motivation to quit, greater commitment to quitting, greater self-efficacy to abstain, less attribution of failure to lack of ability to change addiction, and fewer self-reported barriers to cessation (all p’s < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study show a relationship between the beliefs about the permanence of addiction and psychological processes relevant to quitting smoking. The findings underscore the potential of future research exploring how addiction mindsets relate to successful smoking cessation as well as other types of addictive behavior and how they can be applied to change people’s behavior. 相似文献
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Jyoti P. Dabholkar Mukesh More Kumar Avanindra Arpit Sharma 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2007,59(4):357-359
Primary amyloidosis of larynx is an uncommon phenomenon, the precise etiopathogenesis of which is not yet clear. It can present with slowly increasing hoarseness or difficulty in breathing. It presents more commonly as infiltrative lesion, exophytic presentation is a rare occurrence. 相似文献
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Seven cases of intracerebral haemorrhage were identified following the use of thrombolytic therapy in a total of 710 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Each case was reviewed in detail with particular attention to the presenting symptoms. A confusional state was the commonest initial feature. Increased age and male sex were associated with increased risk of cerebral bleed. The possible role of intravenous heparin in increasing risk and the management of affected cases is discussed. Early recognition and action is emphasized. 相似文献
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The Role of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Fibrogenesis of Arteriosclerosis 总被引:12,自引:18,他引:12 下载免费PDF全文
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Vasundhara MK Harish BN 《Indian journal of maternal and child health : official publication of Indian Maternal and Child Health Association,》1993,4(1):25-26
Summary results and discussion were provided for an Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) survey of 52 anganwadi community workers (AWWs) and 156 mothers of ICDS beneficiary children. The project was implemented in Nelamangala, Bangalore, India, in order to ascertain the practices of mothers in managing diarrhea and respiratory infections and nutrition. The results would be applied to improving health education and developing appropriate and effective communication about nutrition and health between the AWW and the mother. The results of the AWWs survey showed that the 96.16% of AWWs had education up to the high school level and 2 graduated from high school. 69.2% weighed children correctly and 53.84% plotted growth charts satisfactorily. 53.50% of the 2507 growth charts were satisfactorily graphed. 94% reported weighing all children every month, however, the work load made this activity very difficult. Only 5.7% plotted the growth chart immediately after weighing. 38.46% found the visual record of growth good tool of health and nutrition education. 86.92% correctly identified a flattened curve as an indicator of growth failure. 71.15% were aware that additional feeding was needed. 17.30% suggested treatment with tonics and 3.84% suggested treatment for worm infestations. The responses from the mothers indicated that 51.92% were illiterate, agricultural laborers. 92% of mothers had a per capita income of less than Rs. 300/month. 86.53% were aware of the growth monitoring of the AWWS and 61% knew it was conducted monthly. 20.53% had participated in weighing sessions and 42% reported that AWWs explained the meaning of growth monitoring and the importance of weighing procedures. 28.84% reported that AWWs showed comparisons of present and previous weights and explained the significance. 38.64% considered the information meaningful, but only 3.84% could correctly interpret a flattened curve. 63.43% were misinformed about diarrhea causes and treatment. The recommendation was for use of arm circumference tapes for measuring malnutrition, for better training of AWWs in promoting extra feeding for malnutrition, for promoting continued breast feeding during diarrhea bouts, and discouraging use of over-the-counter drugs for treatment of respiratory infections. 相似文献
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Shilpa Jagatram Tomar Kalichamy Alagarasu Ashwini More Manasi Nadkarni Rupali Bachal Minal Bote Jayashri Patil Vasanthy Venkatesh Deepti Parashar Babasaheb Vishwanath Tandale 《Viruses》2022,14(5)
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus capable of causing large outbreaks. We aimed to determine the decadal change in the extent of chikungunya virus infection from 2009 to 2019. We implemented a prospective cross-sectional survey in Pune City using a 30-cluster approach with probability-proportion-to-size (PPS) sampling, with blood samples collected from 1654 participants in early 2019. The study also included an additional 799 blood samples from an earlier serosurvey in late 2009. The samples were tested by an in-house anti-CHIKV IgG ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence in 2019 was 53.2% (95% CI 50.7–55.6) as against 8.5% (95% CI 6.5–10.4) in 2009. A fivefold increase in seroprevalence was observed in a decade (p < 0.00001). The seroprevalence increased significantly with age; however, it did not differ between genders. Modeling of age-stratified seroprevalence data from 2019 coincided with a recent outbreak in 2016 followed by the low-level circulation. The mean estimated force of infection during the outbreak was 35.8% (95% CI 2.9–41.2), and it was 1.2% after the outbreak. To conclude, the study reports a fivefold increase in the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection over a decade in Pune City. The modeling approach considering intermittent outbreaks with continuous low-level circulation was a better fit and coincided with a recent outbreak reported in 2016. Community engagement and effective vector control measures are needed to avert future chikungunya outbreaks. 相似文献
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A lipoproteoplex comprised of an engineered supercharged coiled-coil protein (CSP) bearing multiple arginines and the cationic lipid formulation FuGENE HD (FG) was developed for effective condensation and delivery of nucleic acids. The CSP was able to maintain helical structure and self-assembly properties while exhibiting binding to plasmid DNA. The ternary CSP·DNA(8:1)·FG lipoproteoplex complex demonstrated enhanced transfection of β-galactosidase DNA into MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts. The lipoproteoplexes showed significant increases in transfection efficiency when compared to conventional FG and an mTat·FG lipopolyplex with a 6- and 2.5-fold increase in transfection, respectively. The CSP·DNA(8:1)·FG lipoproteoplex assembled into spherical particles with a net positive surface charge, enabling efficient gene delivery. These results support the application of lipoproteoplexes with protein engineered CSP for non-viral gene delivery. 相似文献