Some new clinical applications of rhinomanometry

Clinical applications of active anterior rhinomanometry of the oscillation type had been carried out for the purposes other than the conventional uses of rhinomanometry. 1. Effect of acupuncture upon the nasal resistance to airflow: Among 8 acupuncture points which were recorded in Chinese traditional medical literatures as effective for improving nasal breathing, Ingxiang point had been proved to possess definite effect of lowering the nasal resistance to air-flow in patients with congestion of nasal mucosa, whereas in other acupuncture points this effect was not certain. 2. The severity of snoring before and after treatment could be determined objectively by the measurement of nasal resistance to air-flow and the breathing pattern of the patient.     

Ag—NOR计数在区分良恶性甲状腺病变中的意义

随机选择经长期随访证实的滤泡性甲状腺癌和腺瘤各10例,正常甲状腺组织5例作为对照。按Ploton的染色方法和Crocker推荐的计数方法分别计算三组每例各50个细胞的Ag-NOR嗜银颗粒平均数,再算出三组各自的AgNOR均数,经统计学检验三者有极显著性差异。可望成为甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤良恶鉴别的一项辅助指标。     

Cross-correlation analysis of septohippocampal neurons during theta-rhythm

The activity from 55 septohippocampal neuron pairs was examined in rats anesthetized with urethane. In addition to the statistical characterization of the firing patterns of the recorded units, the functional interactions between pairs of neurons and between neurons and hippocampal theta (theta) waves were investigated with cross-correlation techniques. Pairs were classified according to the rhythmic or non-rhythmic discharge pattern of their neurons. (a) theta-Pairs were those in which both the medial septal (MS) and hippocampal (HPC) units were rhythmic (type 1 units). (b) Pairs with a rhythmic and a theta-related non-rhythmic unit (type 2 unit) were called mixed pairs. (c) Pairs composed of type 2 units were called type 2 pairs. theta-Pairs showed periodic cross-correlations and frequently fired with a phase difference which could change in different pairs. Mixed pairs also showed periodic cross-correlations although one of the units was non-rhythmic. Type 2 pairs showed non-periodic positive cross-correlations. Our data provide new information regarding the temporal relationship between MS and HPC rhythmic activities supporting the role of the MS in providing the afferent timing for the generation of theta-rhythm in the HPC.     

重症肌无力患者泼尼松治疗前后免疫学指标的变化

探讨泼尼松治疗重症肌无力（MG）免疫学机制。对382例MG患者在漏尼松中剂量冲击，小剂量维持疗法治疗前后，检测酰胆碱受体抗炎（AchRab)，突触前膜抗体（PsMab)，单个核细胞亚群（PBMC），肿瘤坏死因子（TNF），可溶性白介素－2受体（SIL－2R），β2－微球蛋白（β2－m)，以及红细胞免疫功能的变化。结果表明：MG患者在泼尼松治疗前后多项免疫指标有显著性的变化。为泼尼松治疗MG提供了评定疗效的免疫学指标，进一步阐明了MG发病的免疫学机制。     

Brain protection at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid interface involves a glutathione-dependent metabolic barrier mechanism.

The choroid plexuses (CPs) form a protective interface between the blood and the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To probe into the pathways by which CPs provide brain protection, we sought to evaluate the efficiency of glutathione conjugation in this barrier as a mechanism to prevent the entry of blood-borne electrophilic, potentially toxic compounds into the CSF, and we investigated the fate of the resulting metabolites. Rat CPs, as well as human CPs from both fetal and adult brains, displayed high glutathione-S-transferase activities. Using an in vitro model of the blood-CSF barrier consisting of choroidal epithelial cells cultured in a two-chambered device, we showed that glutathione conjugation can efficiently prevent the entry of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) into the CSF, a model for electrophilic compounds. The duration of this enzymatic protection was set by the concentration of CDNB to which the epithelium was exposed, and this barrier effect was impaired only on severe epithelial intracellular glutathione and cysteine depletion. The conjugate was excreted from the choroidal cells in a polarized manner, mostly at the blood-facing membrane, via a high-capacity transport process, which is not a rate-limiting step in this detoxification pathway, and which may involve transporters of the ATP-binding cassette c(Abcc) and/or solute carrier 21 (Slc21) families. Supplying the choroidal epithelium at the blood-facing membrane with a therapeutically relevant concentration of N-acetylcysteine sustained this neuroprotective effect. Thus, glutathione conjugation at the CP epithelium coupled with the basolateral efflux of the resulting metabolites form an efficient blood-CSF enzymatic barrier, which can be enhanced by pharmacologically increasing glutathione synthesis within the epithelial cells.     

A-raf oncogene localizes on mouse X chromosome to region some 10–17 centimorgans proximal to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene

The localization of the A-rafcellular oncogene on the mouse X chromosome has been determined using Xbal-restricted DNAs prepared from progeny of an interspecies backcross between the B6.CBA.R1 and the Spe/Pas mouse strains. This localization to the proximal part of the mouse X chromosome has been confirmed by the use of somatic cell hybrids, carrying partially deleted X chromosomes and suggests that the A-raf oncogene localizes to a region lying some 10–17 centimorgans proximal to the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene between the locus DXPas4and the locus DXPas7defined by the cross-reacting human X chromosome-specific probe DXS32 (M2C). This localization on the mouse X chromosome is compatible with the presence of the A-rafoncogene on the short arm of the human X chromosome between the centromere and Xp21.     

High-throughput cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition screening via cassette probe-dosing strategy. II. Validation of a direct injection/on-line guard cartridge extraction-tandem mass spectrometry method for CYP2D6 inhibition assessment

A highly efficient direct injection/on-line guard cartridge extraction-tandem mass spectrometry (DI/GCE-MS-MS) method has been validated for high-throughput evaluation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition potential using human hepatic microsomes and 96-well microtiter plates. Microsomal incubations were terminated with formic acid, centrifuged, and the resulting supernatants were injected for DI/GCE-MS-MS analysis. Due to the novel use of an extremely short C18 guard cartridge, this method exhibits several advantages, such as no sample preparation, excellent on-line extraction, short run time (2.5 min), and minimized source contamination and performance deterioration. The DI/GCE-MS-MS method demonstrates acceptable accuracy and precision for the quantification of dextrorphan, a marker metabolite of dextromethorphan mediated by CYP2D6, in microsomal incubations. The CYP2D6 inhibition assay has been validated using quinidine as a known selective inhibitor of the isoform. The IC50 value (0.20 microM) measured by the new method is in good agreement with the literature value (0.22 microM).     

Wissenstranslation am Beispiel Bewegungsförderung von älteren Menschen: Wie gelangen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die kommunale Praxis?

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse können eine Wissensquelle für kommunale Akteurinnen und Akteure der...     

Aufbau von Interventionsdatenbanken für mehr Evidenzbasierung in Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung – methodische Überlegungen

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Kommunale AkteurInnen erfahren bei der Entwicklung und Auswahl von Maßnahmen der Prävention und...     

FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查的研究

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。目前人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测及细胞学检查是宫颈癌及其癌前病变(CCPL)的主要筛查手段。由于上述传统筛查方法,仍然存在对CCPL漏诊的风险,因此寻找有效识别CCPL的特异性分子标志物,具有重要临床意义。对具有序列相似性家族19成员A4(FAM19A4)基因启动子甲基化定量检测,可有效检出CCPL组织,较传统筛查方法有较高特异度,有望成为CCPL筛查的特异性分子标志物。笔者拟就FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化定量检测,在CCPL筛查中应用的最新研究现状进行阐述,旨在为进一步推进CCPL筛查方法的开发,提供思路。