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D M Burns M W Ruddock M D Walker J M Allen G D Kennovin D G Hirst 《European journal of pharmacology》1999,374(2):213-220
Previously, we have shown that nicotinamide inhibits both high [K+]- and phenylephrine-induced constrictions in a dose-dependent manner in rat tail arteries. We have now investigated the effect of nicotinamide on intracellular signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle. Nicotinamide (8.2 mM) reduced the response to phenylephrine- and [Arg8]vasopressin-induced constrictions by means of 72.9+/-6.9 and 51.8+/-5.7%, respectively. It also blocked phenylephrine-induced constrictions in the absence of a functional endothelium (P < 0.0136). In addition, pre-treatment of the artery with nifedipine (10 mM) also failed to inhibit nicotinamide's activity (P < 0.0178). Moreover, nicotinamide significantly reduced the sensitivity to phenylephrine in Ca2+-free Krebs' solution (P < 0.0152). Continuous perfusion of maximal concentrations of ryanodine or thapsigargin significantly inhibited the response to phenylephrine; the addition of nicotinamide (8.2 mM) caused a significant additional inhibition when compared to the effect of ryanodine (P < 0.0006) or thapsigargin (P<0.037) alone. In addition, beta-escin (0.02%) permeabilisation and Ca2+ (2.5 mM)-mediated constriction was also significantly attenuated by nicotinamide (P < 0.0001). However, phorbol ester-induced constriction was not attenuated by nicotinamide. This would suggest that nicotinamide directly inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and is unlikely to act via blockage of external Ca2+ entry or release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. 相似文献
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J Tang DJ Humes E Gemmil NT Welch SL Parsons JA Catton 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2013,95(5):323-328
Introduction
The high mortality and morbidity associated with resection for oesophagogastric malignancy has resulted in a conservative approach to the postoperative management of this patient group. In August 2009 we introduced an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway tailored to patients undergoing resection for oesophagogastric malignancy. We aimed to assess the impact of this change in practice on standard clinical outcomes.Methods
Two cohorts were studied of patients undergoing resection for oesophagogastric malignancy before (August 2008 – July 2009) and after (August 2009 – July 2010) the implementation of the ERAS pathway. Data were collected on demographics, interventions, length of stay, morbidity and in-hospital mortality.Results
There were 53 and 55 oesophagogastric resections undertaken respectively for malignant disease in each of the study periods. The median length of stay for both gastric and oesophageal resection decreased from 15 to 11 days (Mann– Whitney U, p<0.001) following implementation of the ERAS pathway. There was no significant increase in morbidity (gastric resection 23.1% vs 5.3% and oesophageal resection 25.9% vs 16.7%) or mortality (gastric resection no deaths and oesophageal resection 1.8% vs 3.6%) associated with the changes. There was a significant decrease in the number of oral contrast studies used following oesophageal resection, with a reduction from 21 (77.8%) in 2008–2009 to 6 (16.7%) in 2009–2010 (chi-squared test, p<0.0001).Conclusions
The introduction of an enhanced recovery programme following oesophagogastric surgery resulted in a significant decrease in length of median patient stay in hospital without a significant increase in associated morbidity and mortality. 相似文献7.
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PN McDOUGALL PM LOUGHNAN NT CAMPBELL M HOCHMANN BJ TIMMS WW BUTT 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1995,31(4):292-296
Objective: To report ventilation strategies, survival and complications in 39 outborn infants treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).
Methodology Data were collected prospectively between 1 May 1992 and 31 December 1993 on all infants treated with HFOV who had severe respiratory failure despite optimal conventional ventilation.
Results Twenty-eight out of 39 (72%) survived. Of the 15 infants with birthweights <1500g, eight survived. Best survival rates were for infants with pulmonary interstitial emphysema with air leak (4/5) and for infants of birthweight >1500g with hyaline membrane disease (8/8), and meconium aspiration syndrome (7/7). Three infants deteriorated while on HFOV and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Complications were: (i) development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (1); (ii) recurrence of pneumothorax (3); (iii) hypotension (2); and (iv) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (9). One of the eight infants weighing <1500g who received HFOV in the first week of life developed periventricular haemorrhage.
Conclusion The initial results of HFOV for severe respiratory failure were encouraging although a learning curve was encountered with its introduction. 相似文献
Methodology Data were collected prospectively between 1 May 1992 and 31 December 1993 on all infants treated with HFOV who had severe respiratory failure despite optimal conventional ventilation.
Results Twenty-eight out of 39 (72%) survived. Of the 15 infants with birthweights <1500g, eight survived. Best survival rates were for infants with pulmonary interstitial emphysema with air leak (4/5) and for infants of birthweight >1500g with hyaline membrane disease (8/8), and meconium aspiration syndrome (7/7). Three infants deteriorated while on HFOV and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Complications were: (i) development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (1); (ii) recurrence of pneumothorax (3); (iii) hypotension (2); and (iv) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (9). One of the eight infants weighing <1500g who received HFOV in the first week of life developed periventricular haemorrhage.
Conclusion The initial results of HFOV for severe respiratory failure were encouraging although a learning curve was encountered with its introduction. 相似文献
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Creatinine and urea clearances compared to inulin clearance in preterm and mature babies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Simultaneous clearances of inulin, urea and creatinine were compared in 41 babies of 26-40 weeks gestation on 122 occasions during the first month of life. In each case creatinine was measured by a reaction rate method, and in thirty specimens it was also measured after adsorption onto resin. Urea clearance averaged only 62% of inulin clearance (P less than 0.001), and was a poor marker of glomerular filtration. Creatinine clearance measured by resin adsorption equalled inulin clearance, but the assay is manual and not suitable for routine clinical use. Creatinine clearance measured by reaction rate analysis underestimated inulin clearance by a quarter (P less than 0.01) because this automated method overestimated plasma creatinine by an average of 22 mumol/l. Urinary creatinine excretion was 72 +/- 17 nmol/kg per min (mean +/- S.D.) during the first week of life, and 66 +/- 13 nmol/kg per min in weeks two to four, and was not influenced by gestation or body size. Using these values, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and the urinary excretion rates of substances may be estimated from measurements made on plasma and untimed urines. Although these estimates are imprecise, with 9% confidence limits of 62-161%, they are useful in clinical practice because they avoid the need to make accurately timed collections of urine. 相似文献