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排序方式: 共有363条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The effect of chemical shift on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the pituitary fossa was studied. Healthy volunteers underwent conventional MR imaging of the pituitary fossa and then imaging with the frequency-encoding gradient reversed or with the phase- and frequency-encoding gradients interchanged. Comparison of the image pairs in each subject showed that the thin, black stripe evident at the water-fat interface within the pituitary fossa was altered when the gradients were changed. Therefore, the low-intensity signal within the pituitary fossa is a chemical shift misregistration effect. 相似文献
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V. V. Pisarev N. E. Moskaleva Yu. B. Zverkov L. B. Smirnova V. G. Belolipetskaya Ya. V. Sukhanov 《Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal》2005,39(2):104-107
A reproducible and sensitive analytical procedure has been developed for the quantitative determination of enalapril and enalaprilat in the blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC/MS). For increasing the sensitivity and reproducibility of analyses, the samples were treated with diazomethane in order to obtain methyl esters of the analyzed compounds. The quantitative determination was carried out using the internal standard method; the internal standard was captopril. The detection was performed in the positive ion mode for ions with m/z = 377 (enalaprilat methyl ester), 391 (enalapril methyl ester), and 267 (captopril methyl ester). Enalapril, enalaprilat, and captopril were isolated from the blood plasma and purified by means of solid-phase extraction. The calibration plot is linear in the concentration range from 0.5 to 200 ng/ml. The detection limits for both enalaprilat and enalapril in the blood plasma are 0.1 ng/ml.__________Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 49 – 52, February, 2005. 相似文献
5.
Anulus fibrosus in bulging intervertebral disks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this investigation the association of radial tears of the anulus fibrosus and bulging of the intervertebral disk was studied. An index of disk bulging was measured in sagittal anatomic sections in 149 lumbar disks from 31 cadavers. The indexes of disk bulging were correlated with stages of disk development and the presence of an annular tear. The largest disk-bulging indexes were always associated with radial tears of the anulus. Eighty-four percent of the disks with radial tears had disk-bulging indexes greater than 2.5 mm. Most normal adult disks had an index of less than 2.5 mm. The results challenge the concept that the anulus fibrosus is intact in bulging disks, although ruptured in herniated disks. 相似文献
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M. Jürisson H. Pisarev J. Kanis F. Borgström A. Svedbom R. Kallikorm M. Lember A. Uusküla 《Osteoporosis international》2016,27(8):2555-2566
Summary
We assessed the impact of hip fracture on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and costs in Estonia. The mean 18-month HRQoL loss in quality adjusted life years (QALY) was estimated at 0.31, and the average cumulative cost from a societal perspective was 8146 euros per hip fracture patient.Introduction
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of hip fracture on HRQoL, resource consumption, and cost over 18 months after the fracture among individuals aged over 50 in Estonia.Methods
A cohort of 205 hip fracture patients ≥50 years was followed up for 18 months. HRQoL was estimated before fracture (recall), after fracture, and at 4, 12, and 18 months using the EQ-5D instrument. Health care utilization and costs were obtained from a public health insurance fund database; social, informal, and indirect costs were estimated using patient-reported data.Results
Hip fracture resulted in the mean 18-month HRQoL loss of 0.31 QALYs. The mean 18-months cumulative cost of hip fracture from a societal perspective was estimated at 8146 (95 % CI 6236–10717) euros per patient. Most of the cost was related to health care (56 %) and informal care (33 %), while social care contributed only 5 %. Utilization of outpatient rehabilitation and nursing care was low (8 % of patients).Conclusions
The impact of hip fracture on HRQoL and cost was substantial. Despite appropriate inpatient care, utilization of rehabilitation, nursing care, and social care were low and potentially insufficient to meet the needs of patients with low HRQoL. The shortfall may partially explain a remarkably high use of informal care.8.
Anterior urinary bladder wall biopsy specimens were examined in 24 males and 4 females, aged 52 to 76 years, who had been suffering from the hyperactive urinary bladder for 1-10 years. Increases in the number and activity of interstitial mast cells and their degranulation and the symptoms of chronic immune inflammation were revealed. Neuromuscular spastic dysfunction of the detrusor is considered to result from the activation of mast cells. 相似文献
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Resistance of Copenhagen rats to chemical induction of glutathione S- transferase 7-7-positive liver foci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Copenhagen (Cop) rats are completely resistant to the chemical induction of
mammary adenocarcinomas, but their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis
is virtually unknown. Rat liver is a well- characterized and easily
manipulated tissue in which to study carcinogenesis. Therefore, if Cop rats
are resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis, studies into resistance mechanisms
may be feasible. Male Cop and F344 rats, 7-8 weeks old, were initiated
using either N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or a two-thirds
partial hepatectomy (PH) followed by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (60
mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were then promoted using a modified resistant
hepatocyte (RH) protocol (a combination of four doses of 2-
acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and a single dose of CCl4 that provides a
selective mitotic stimulus for initiated cells). Six weeks after initiation
the rats were killed and liver sections were stained for glutathione
S-transferase 7-7 (GST 7-7), a marker for putative preneoplastic
hepatocytes. Cop rats were found to be highly resistant, having a
approximately 9- and approximately 27-fold smaller percentage of liver area
occupied by GST 7-7-positive foci than susceptible F344 rats following
initiation by DEN and MNU respectively. Furthermore, gross liver nodules
did not form in any of the Cop rats, whereas all F344 rat livers contained
nodules. Hepatic necrosis caused by DEN during initiation, and CCl4 during
promotion is necessary to stimulate compensatory hepatocyte division. We
demonstrated that these agents do indeed increase serum transaminase levels
and produce histologic evidence of necrosis in Cop rats. In order for liver
foci to grow rapidly in the RH protocol, the surrounding normal hepatocytes
must be mito-inhibited by 2-AAF. We found that the degree of
mito-inhibition of normal hepatocytes by 2-AAF is the same in Cop and F344
rats. These results show that the Cop rat is highly resistant to the
chemical induction of putative preneoplastic liver foci and nodules.
相似文献