Improving Prenatal Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between fetal echocardiographic measurements and the need for intervention (primary coarctation repair, staged coarctation repair, or catheter intervention) in prenatally diagnosed coarctation of the aorta.

Technetium-99-labelled methylene diphosphonate uptake scans in patients with dialysis arthropathy

Patients on long-term haemodialysis suffer from dialysis arthropathy due to the deposition of dialysis amyloid. We investigated the use of 99Tc-labelled methylene diphosphonate bone scans in 17 patients as a possible in vivo diagnostic technique. In most clinically affected joints, with the exception of shoulders and hands, there was increased radioisotope uptake consistent with uptake by periarticular bone. In addition, we describe intense soft-tissue uptake around some clinically affected large joints. In contrast, control groups of patients on haemodialysis without arthropathy and patients without renal failure did not have increased uptake. A semi-quantitative scale of uptake was devised, and the following correlations were significant: pain perception and isotope uptake score in the ankles and feet, and the number of radiological lesions and isotope uptake scores in the wrists and knees. The following sites where the radioisotope might bind in the affected joints are proposed: amyloid deposits, areas of soft-tissue calcification, or areas of increased bone turnover. It is concluded that whereas the scanning technique cannot make a definite diagnosis of amyloid and, therefore, cannot be expected to supersede histological diagnosis, it is a useful adjuvant investigation, of particular importance in those patients unable or unwilling to undergo biopsy.     

A worldwide survey of the use of simulation in anesthesia

PURPOSE: To gather information regarding the global use of simulation technology in education, evaluation and research in anesthesia. METHODS: The WorldWide Web was searched and located sites with simulation centres (n = 158) were mailed a 67-item questionnaire requesting information regarding demographics, personnel, education use and research involvement. Comments were solicited. Medical school data only are reported in this article. RESULTS: Two web sites were used to generate the list of simulation centres. Sixty responses were received (38%), with 41 emanating from medical schools. Seventy-seven percent of centres were involved in undergraduate education and 85% in postgraduate education. Few centres were involved in evaluation and/or competency assessments. Sixty-one percent of centres indicated ongoing research with a further 25% interested in international collaboration. University or university departmental-based funding largely supported simulation technology used in medical schools. The lack of financial and human resources was the single most common problem identified by respondents. CONCLUSIONS: From the survey responses received, opportunities for the simulator to be used for the assessment of performance appear to be under-utilized. This may be due to the lack of research in this area, lack of standardized, valid and reliable tests and the fact that most centres have only recently acquired this technology. Further research supporting the use of the simulator in education and evaluation is required.     

Presence of beta human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancer from organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients in the West of Scotland

Background  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been linked to cutaneous human papillomaviruses of the genus beta (betaPV).
Objectives  We sought to assess the presence of betaPV in NMSC biopsies from a group of Scottish skin cancer patients, both immunocompetent (IC) patients and immunosuppressed (IS) organ transplant recipients.
Methods  One hundred and twenty-one paraffin-embedded skin tumours (27 actinic keratosis, 41 intraepidermal carcinoma, 53 squamous cell carcinoma) and 11 normal skin samples were analysed for the presence of betaPV by a polymerase chain reaction–reverse hybridization assay designed to detect the presence of the 25 known betaPV genotypes.
Results  In IC patients, betaPV was detected in 30 of 59 (51%) tumours and two of 11 (18%) normal skin samples ( P  =   0·046). In IS patients, betaPV was found in 27 of 62 (44%) tumours; no normal skin samples were available for comparison. The most frequently found genotypes were HPV-24, HPV-15 and HPV-38. Of those tumours infected with betaPV, 28 of 57 (49%) were infected with more than one genotype (range 2–8). Tumours from IS patients were from a younger age group (mean age 57·4 years) than IC patients (mean age 73·8 years). Multiple infections were more common in tumours from IC patients (21 of 30; 70%) compared with those from IS patients (seven of 27; 26%) ( P  <   0·001). In the IC group, age did not appear to influence the distribution of single and multiple infections whereas in IS patients the proportion of multiple infections to single infections increased with age. There were no multiple infections in normal skin.
Conclusions  A wide spectrum of betaPV types was detected in our samples. Further characterization of betaPV in vivo is needed in order to determine the mechanisms by which the virus contributes to cutaneous carcinogenesis.     

Current transition assessment practices.

Although researchers have called for a movement away from prediction-related assessments to those which identify specific skill deficits, the extent to which professionals responsible for vocational assessment have shifted their focus is uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the frequency with which specified prediction-related and skill deficit-related vocational assessment procedures were administered by a sample of secondary-level teachers and employment training specialists. Additionally, the frequency with which these professionals used assessment data to aid in decision making was determined. The results revealed that teachers and employment training personnel used a variety of assessment procedures to make transition decisions. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Melatonin Receptors on Ovine Pars Tuberalis: Characterization and Autoradiographicai Localization

The functional significance of the pars tuberalis (PT) of the mammalian adenohypophysis has remained an enigma (1, 2). One view of its function is that it acts as an auxiliary gland to support the endocrine role of the pars distalis (PD) (2), as it has been shown to contain immunocytochemically identifiable thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs (1). Many of the cells of the PT are, however, ultrastructurally unique suggesting an independent function for this tissue. Our recent demonstration that the PT of the rat is a major binding site for the ligand iodomelatonin lends further support to this idea (3). We have utilized the highly specific ligand [¹²⁵l]melatonin, and have demonstrated that it binds exclusively, with very high affinity, to the PT but not the PD of the adult sheep adenohypophysis. These findings support the conclusion that the PT has a distinct role in relation to melatonin action and seasonal reproduction.