Preventive Control of AIDS by the Dental Profession: A Survey of Practices in a Large Urban Area

The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to report the proportion of dental practitioners adhering to the 1987 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) procedures for using infection control techniques (ICTs); (2) to identify attitudes toward infection control and disease; and (3) to establish whether certain practitioner characteristics or use of certain ICTs were related to willingness to treat HIV-positive patients, willingness to volunteer for an HIV specialty clinic outside of regular practice, vaccination against hepatitis B, and a felt need for a specialty clinic within the practice to treat HIV patients effectively. A survey of approximately 3,800 members of a major metropolitan dental society found that 89 percent of respondents regularly used at least one CDC ICT beyond routine medical histories. Ninety-one percent indicated a moderate to extreme change in attitude toward the risks of infectious diseases and the regular use of ICTs (80.2% identified AIDS as the major factor in this change). Twenty-seven percent indicated that they would knowingly treat HIV-positive patients. No differences were found among practitioners willing to treat HIV-infected patients and those unwilling to treat these patients in terms of adherence to the CDC ICT recommendations for dentists. Statistical association between ICT use and other practitioner response variables are discussed.     

Nonextraction treatment of severe class II, division 2 malocclusions: Part 1

Nonextraction treatment of severe Class II, Division 2 malocclusions is presented. Timing, sequencing of appliance therapy, and segmental arch treatment are discussed. The effects of orthodontic treatment, pubertal growth, and postpubertal growth are illustrated with different growth responses. Corrections of the handicapping malocclusions were achieved by the development of arch circumference, torque, intrusion of incisors, and vertical buccal dentoalveolar development. Various subtypes of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion are presented. Pretreatment and posttreatment records are evaluated.     

Porosity in composite resins—an Achilles' heel?

An investigation of the porosity present in a wide range of composite resin dental restorative materials has shown mean levels of 2·0–3·3 per cent by volume in the cured restoration when using the two-paste systems. Most single-paste light-activated materials showed a mean porosity of less than 0·8 per cent by volume. The relationships between porosity and some clinical and physical properties of the resultant restoration are discussed.     

Prevalence of Nontraditional Dental Hygiene Practice

There is little knowledge of the number or the work characteristics of dental hygienists outside the private-practice setting. This survey was conducted to determine the percentage of hygienists practicing in nontraditional (nonprivate-practice) settings and the types of settings in which they are employed. Mail questionnaires were returned from a total of 21,847 (56.9%) of the hygienists in the survey sample. The percentage of active hygienists practicing in nontraditional settings was 11.8. Dental or dental hygiene schools, and government and nongovernment-supported clinics were the most frequent nontraditional practice settings. State supervision requirements were found to be associated significantly with the prevalence of nontraditional hygiene practice.     

A cross-over study on the effect of various therapeutic approaches to morning breath odour

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tongue scraping and inter-dental flossing on morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects. METHODS: A four-step blind, cross-over study was conducted in 19 volunteers, divided into four groups: Group I: tooth brushing; Group II: tooth brushing and inter-dental flossing; Group III: tooth brushing and tongue scraping; and Group IV: tooth brushing, inter-dental flossing and tongue scraping. The volunteers performed these oral hygiene procedures three times a day for 7 days. Seven-day wash-out intervals were observed. Morning mouth breath was assessed organoleptically and by volatile sulphur compound concentrations. RESULTS: The highest mean organoleptic and volatile sulphur compound measurement values were found in the treatment groups in which tongue scraping was not performed and there were statistical differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the organoleptic evaluation (p > 0.05), inter-dental flossing did not show any statistical improvement in the effect of tongue hygiene on morning bad breath, but it significantly reduced the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that tongue scraping appears to be the most important hygienic procedure to reduce morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects.     

甲状旁腺激素水平在原发性醛固酮增多症及肾上腺无功能瘤患者鉴别诊断中的应用价值

背景 原发性醛固酮增多症(primary?aldosteronism,PA)是继发性高血压的常见病因,PA的分型中以醛固酮瘤(aldosterone-producing?adenoma,APA)和特发性醛固酮增多症(idiopathic?aldosteronism,IHA)最为常见.PA患者与肾上腺无功能瘤(nonfunctional?adrenal?tumors,NFAT)患者血清甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid?hormone,PTH)水平存在差异,不同亚型PA患者血清PTH水平也存在差异.目的 比较PA与NFAT患者以及APA与IHA患者血清PTH水平的差异,并分析影响PTH的因素,探讨PTH在PA及NFAT患者鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集解放军总医院第一医学中心2016?-2020年收治的PA患者414例[女176例,男238例;平均年龄(50.90?±?10.40)岁;APA患者263例,IHA患者151例]和NFAT患者275例[女112例,男163例;平均年龄(52.74?±?11.20)岁]的临床资料.比较PA与NFAT患者以及APA与IHA患者血清PTH、血电解质、尿电解质、血浆肾素、血浆醛固酮、尿醛固酮水平的差异.采用Pearson相关性分析探讨影响PTH的因素.分析PTH鉴别PA与NFAT以及APA与IHA的最佳切点.结果 PA患者中位PTH水平明显高于NFAT患者[64.82(62.36,67.28)?pg/mL?vs?45.23(35.02,54.74)?pg/mL,P?相似文献