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Seena Fazel Johanna Philipson Lisa Gardiner Rowena Merritt Martin Grann 《Journal of neurology》2009,256(10):1591-1602
The objectives of this study were to systematically review and meta-analyze the research literature on the association of common neurological disorders and violence. Keywords relating to neurological disorders and violence were searched between 1966 and August 2008. Case–control and cohort studies were selected. Odds ratios of violence risk in particular disorders compared with controls were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis with the data presented in forest plots. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify possible differences in risk estimates across surveys. Information on risk factors for violence was extracted if replicated in more than one study. Nine studies were identified that compared the risk of violence in epilepsy or traumatic brain injury compared with unaffected controls. For the epilepsy studies, the overall pooled odds ratio for violent outcomes was 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.96]. For traumatic brain injury, the odds ratio was 1.66 (95% CI 1.12–2.31). An additional 11 case–control studies investigated factors associated with violence in epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. It was not possible to meta-analyze these data. Comorbid psychopathology was associated with violence. Data on other neurological conditions was limited and unreplicated. In conclusion, although the evidence was limited and methodological quality varied, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury appeared to differ in their risk of violence compared with control populations. Longitudinal studies are required to replicate this review’s provisional findings that epilepsy is inversely associated with violence and that brain injury modestly increases the risk, and further research is needed to provide information on a broader range of risk factors. 相似文献
3.
Marlies Noordzij Johanna C Korevaar Elisabeth W Boeschoten Friedo W Dekker Willem J Bos Raymond T Krediet 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(9):2676-2677
Sir, With great interest we read the editorial review of Jean etal. [1] on the relationship between hyperphosphataemia and mortalityin end-stage renal disease patients. The authors summarize resultsfrom the large USRDS and DOPPS studies in which associationsof hyperphosphataemia and increased mortality risks were 相似文献
4.
Johanna Albert Leif Kindlund Barbro Nilvér Waldemar Gożdzik 《Central European Journal of Medicine》2006,1(2):162-171
Abstract: Background: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) can be used in general anaesthesia without neuromuscular block. The
laryngeal tube (LT) is a new airway device with similar airway features as LMA. LT is provided with a distal cuff to prevent
regurgitation. In this study we compared the LMA and LT concerning patient and user aspects.
Methods: Sixty patients with ASA (American Society of Anestesiologists) score 1–2 scheduled for minor surgery were randomized
to be ventilated either through LMA or LT. After insertion, the number of insertion attempts, and “positioning” and “airway-assessment”
was evaluated. The patients reported on “sore throat” after 30 and 60 minutes and the day after anaesthesia.
Results: Gender and mean age were equal in both groups. The first insertion attempt was successful in 25 of 28 patients randomised
to LMA and in 23 of 27 patients randomised to LT. LMA was evaluated to be easier in “positioning” whereas no difference in
“sore throat” was reported.
Conclusion: We found no difference between the LMA and the LT in terms user and patient friendliness and safety. 相似文献
5.
Withdrawal of bromocriptine after long-term therapy for macroprolactinomas; effect on plasma prolactin and tumour size 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study describes the effect on plasma prolactin values and tumour size of bromocriptine withdrawal in 12 patients who had been treated for macroprolactinomas for a period of 3.5-7 (mean 4.9) years. Pretreatment plasma prolactin values ranged from 12,000 to 210,000 (mean: 66,000) mU/l. Immediately before bromocriptine withdrawal plasma prolactin values were in the normal range (less than 350 mU/l for men; less than 450 mU/l for women). Bromocriptine treatment was associated with tumour reduction in all cases. The following observations were made upon withdrawal of bromocriptine: (1) In 11 patients hyperprolactinaemia redeveloped although plasma prolactin levels remained below 600 mU/l in two of these patients during a follow-up period of 1 year. In the other nine patients bromocriptine treatment was reinstituted after 4-12 weeks. (2) Hyperprolactinaemia was associated with tumour reexpansion in one case and increased density of the tumour in two cases. (3) In one patient plasma prolactin remained undetectable during a follow-up period of 1 year and no tumour re-expansion was found. It is concluded that tumour regrowth is uncommon and of small extent after cessation of long-term bromocriptine treatment for macroprolactinomas. 相似文献
6.
Questionable dietary remedies for cancer decreased quality of life and did nothing to improve cancer outcomes in patients with extensive disease. 相似文献
7.
Femke M van de Water Johanna M Boleij Janny G P Peters Frans G M Russel Rosalinde Masereeuw 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2007,30(1):36-44
The activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1/ABCB1) and multidrug resistance proteins (MRP/ABCC) influence the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of many drugs. Few suitable cell lines for the study of drug transport exist. Additional non-human cell lines may help clarify species differences and contribute to the current knowledge of drug transport. The aim of the present study was to characterize three rat epithelial cell lines for transporter expression and activity. Transporter expression was assessed in intestinal IEC-6 and renal GERP and NRK-52E cells using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Pgp and Mrp transport activity were analyzed by measuring calcein accumulation and glutathione-S-bimane efflux, respectively. The three cell lines showed Pgp expression and Pgp-dependent transport, both decreasing with culture time after reaching confluency. Besides Pgp, cells expressed Mrp1, Mrp3, Mrp4, and Mrp5, while Mrp2 and Mrp6 were absent. In addition, they showed temperature- and Mrp-dependent efflux of glutathione-S-bimane. Exposure to a panel of different inhibitors showed that this efflux was probably mediated by Mrp4. In conclusion, the three rat epithelial cell lines investigated showed Pgp and Mrp expression and transport. Mrp dependent transport was most likely mediated by Mrp4. In future, these cell lines may be used as in vitro models to study drug transport. 相似文献
8.
Nixie G. Raymond Johanna T. Dwyer Patricia Nevins Paul Kurtin 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1990,4(2):145-151
Children with mild to moderate renal insufficiency may be at an increased risk for developing glomerulosclerosis and subsequent renal failure. Low protein diets (LPD) have been shown to delay the progression of renal insufficiency in laboratory animals and may be of benefit in adult humans. The nutritional costs of a LPD in adults are reportedly minimal. We review the protein and caloric requirements of growing children and discuss the potential harmful effects and benefits of an LPD in this population. We also discuss dietary adherence and the difficulty of designing an LPD for children. We conclude that the protein content of a typical American diet can safely be reduced to, but not below, the recommended daily allowance for protein if diets are carefully planned, patients and their parents extensively counseled, and if dietary supplements are given to help meet the caloric and vitamin-mineral nutrient needs of growing children. In addition, ongoing nutritional assessment, counseling, and frequent monitoring of growth, diet and biochemical indicators of protein status are essential for maintaining the health of these children. 相似文献
9.
OBJECTIVE. This study tested the hypothesis that recirculated air in mechanically ventilated buildings causes symptoms commonly referred to as the sick building syndrome and perceptions of poor indoor air quality. METHODS. A blinded, four-period crossover trial was carried out in two identical buildings, contrasting 70% return air (index phase) with 0% of return air (reference phase). Each period lasted 1 work-week. The study population comprised 75 workers who had reported symptoms related to the work environment or perceptions of poor indoor air quality. Participants reported their ratings of symptoms, their perceptions, and related information in a daily diary. The outcome criteria included aggregative symptom scores for mucosal irritation, skin reaction, allergic reaction, and general symptoms formed of ratings of component symptoms. Perceptions of unpleasant odor, stuffiness, or dustiness were additional outcome criteria. RESULTS. All 75 participants returned their diaries. For no symptoms did the scores differ between the two phases more than could be expected by chance. Mean rating of unpleasant odor was significantly smaller during the index phase, but mean ratings of dustiness and stuffiness did not differ materially between the two phases. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that 70% recirculated air, when accompanied by an adequate intake of outdoor air, can be used without causing adverse effects. 相似文献
10.
Manfred L'Age Johanna Stehr Peter Wahl 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1963,41(13):659-662
Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten der Unveresterten Fettsäuren an Gesunden und Diabetikern und am epididymalen Fettgewebe der Ratte unter N1-n-Butylbiguanid wurde untersucht. Normalpersonen mit und ohne Biguanid reagieren bei Blutzuckerabfall mit einem Anstieg der UFS, der unter Biguanid signifikant höher ist. Diabetiker zeigen einen geringfügigen Abfall der UFS nach Biguanid. Unter Biguanidkonzentrationen, die der therapeutischen Serumkonzentration entsprechen (5/ml), werden vom Fettgewebe in Gegenwart von Glucose vermehrt UFS utilisiert. Bei hohen Konzentrationen (100 bis 1000/ml) tritt ein Wirkungsumschlag ein, die Fettsäureutilisation wird gehemmt.Teile dieser Arbeit sind in den Dissertationen vonM. L'age undJ. Stehr enthalten. 相似文献