内皮素—1在内毒素灌注大鼠原位肝脏中的作用

应用肝脏原位灌注模型，探讨了内皮素１（ＥＴ１）在内毒素所致肝损伤中的作用。选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只，分为对照组、ＥＴ１组、内毒素组、内毒素＋ＥＴ１抗体组。观察了肝组织中ＥＴ１、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）和肝组织学变化。结果显示：内毒素能使肝组织ＥＴ１含量增加；内毒素和ＥＴ１均能使细胞脂质过氧化物形成和酶的漏出，还能使肝细胞浊肿变性；ＥＴ１抗体能部分拮抗内毒素所致的肝损伤。结果表明：ＥＴ１参与了内毒素所致的肝损伤作用。     

Gallium uptake in the thyroid gland in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism

Amiodarone is an iodinated antiarrhythmic agent that is effective in the treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. A number of side effects are seen, including pulmonary toxicity and thyroid dysfunction. A patient with both amiodarone-induced pneumonitis and hyperthyroidism who exhibited abnormal gallium activity in the lungs, as well as diffuse gallium uptake in the thyroid gland is presented. The latter has not been previously reported and supports the concept of iodide-induced "thyroiditis" with gallium uptake reflecting the inflammatory response.     

PEG adsorption of autoantibodies causes loss of concomitant alloantibody

Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to promote adsorption of autoantibodies is reported to give good recovery of concomitant alloantibodies. In initial experiments, PEG and ZZAP (Ficin and DTT) adsorption procedures were compared for removal of autoantibody and recovery of alloantibody. Postadsorption studies (n = 11) were performed and hemagglutination scores compared. In subsequent studies, equal volumes of alloantibody containing sera, PEG, and antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) were used in twofold adsorption experiments. Saline was substituted for PEG for control purposes. Postadsorption titers and immunoglobulin levels were determined. Autoantibodies were completely removed by both methods (n = 5); better by PEG (n = 3); better by ZZAP (n = 1); and not adsorbed (n = 1), and partially adsorbed by both (n = 1). Alloantibody recovery was comparable in three cases (E, K, Jka) but weaker by at least one reaction grade in four (K,E, Jka, and antibody to low-frequency antigen). The latter anti-Jka reacted 1+ with Jk(a+b+) RBCs after ZZAP adsorption but was nonreactive with the same RBCs following PEG adsorption. Titers of six alloantibodies adsorbed with antigen-negative RBCs in PEG were markedly weaker (range 2 to 8) compared to saline controls (range 4 to 32). IgG levels for PEG adsorbed (range 128 to 243 mg/dL) were 50% lower than controls (range 265 to 505 mg/dL). Although PEG adsorption is effective in removing autoantibody, the precipitation of immunoglobulin by PEG may result in failure to detect underlying alloantibody.     

Effects of drug adherence on patient outcomes to early treatment for Japanese cedar pollinosis]

Drug adherence is one of the important aspects in caring for patients with allergic rhinitis. To improve clinical efficacy of early treatment for Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP), we evaluated the effect of drug adherence on patients' outcomes. Patients were randomly selected from 16 ENT clinical sites in Osaka and Wakayama between February 24 and March 8, 2003 (peak pollen season). Efficacy was assessed using patients' ratings of nasal and ocular symptoms and overall assessment in their condition compared with previous season ones. Costs include direct costs of the drugs used for treatment to JCP from January to February. Five hundred one patients taking early treatment were enrolled. Compared to low adherence patients, those who reported higher level of adherence significantly improved overall health condition, and achieved better symptom relief of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the following factors were independent risk factors for low adherence: student (p=0.002), using OTC medications (p=0.006), and short-duration of medication (p=0.001). Low costs were also risk factor for low adherence. We conclude that taking medications for JCP for 22-28 days is the best way to enhance patients' outcomes.     

Diagnostic yield of MR-guided liver biopsies compared with CT- and US-guided liver biopsies

PURPOSE: To compare diagnostic yield and complication rates of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided versus computed tomography (CT)- and ultrasound (US)-guided liver biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR-, CT-, and US-guided liver biopsies performed between 9/96 and 9/98 were compared. Sixty patients (21 men and 39 women, mean age 60 years) underwent MR-guided biopsy of liver lesions. Thirty patients (16 men and 14 women, mean age 59 years) underwent CT-guided biopsy. Eighteen patients (seven men and 11 women, mean age 50 years) underwent US-guided biopsy. MR procedures were performed in an open-configuration 0.5-T Signa SP MR unit. Lesion localization used standard T1 and T2 sequences, whereas biopsies were performed with multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled echo and fast gradient recalled echo sequences. A coaxial system with an MR-compatible 18-gauge stabilizing needle and a 21-gauge aspiration needle was used to obtain all samples. In CT and US procedures, a 19-gauge stabilizing needle and a 21-gauge aspiration or a 20-gauge core biopsy needle were used. A cytotechnologist was present to determine the adequacy of samples. RESULTS: MR had a diagnostic yield of 61%. CT and US had diagnostic yields of 67% and 61%, respectively. No serious complications were reported for MR and US procedures. Two CT biopsies resulted in postprocedural hemorrhage. One patient required surgical exploration and died. CONCLUSIONS: MR-guided biopsy of liver lesions with use of a 0.5-T open-configuration magnet is safe and accurate when compared with CT and US. No statistical difference was observed between the diagnostic yield of biopsies performed with MR, CT, and US guidance. MR enabled biopsy of a number of lesions in the hepatic dome and lesions with low contrast, which would normally be difficult to sample safely with use of CT or US.     

斑蝥的药用研究进展及资源开发

斑蝥属昆虫纲鞘翅目芫菁科。在《中华人民共和国药典》（1985）中规定的药用斑蝥有2种，即南方大斑蝥MylabrisphalerataPallas和黄黑小斑蝥M．cichoriiL。由于这一类昆虫的成虫和幼虫体内均含有斑蝥素，药用功效基本相同，因此习惯上也把芫菁科昆虫通称为斑蝥。它是一类重要的药用昆虫。《神农本草经》中就有“斑蝥能治疗痈疽、溃疡、癣疮”等病症的记载。《名医别录》中又记录了“芫菁”、“葛上亭长”两种与斑蝥同功效的昆虫。《本草纲目》中也详细地记述了斑蝥、地胆、芫菁、葛上亭长等4种同类昆虫的形态、生境、采集炮制方法、气味、…     

HPLC法测定齿囊耙齿菌固体发酵产物中麦角甾醇含量

目的建立齿囊耙齿菌固体发酵产物中麦角甾醇含量的测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱方法,汉邦ODS-C18色谱分析柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为100%甲醇,流速1.0m L/min,检测波长282nm;柱温30℃。结果麦角甾醇进样量在0.20~1.40μg之间与吸收峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999;平均加样回收率为100.07%,RSD(%)=1.91%。方法具有较高的专属性、准确性、重现性和可行性。结论该方法简便、准确、灵敏度好,为齿囊耙齿菌固体发酵产物质量评价提供了可靠依据。     

组织蛋白酶L及其抑制剂Cystatin C在曲张大隐静脉平滑肌细胞中的表达

目的:组织蛋白酶L(Cat L)及其抑制剂Cystatin C在曲张大隐静脉平滑肌细胞(SMC)中的表达。方法:术中收集曲张及正常大隐静脉标本,采用免疫组织化学、荧光免疫组织化学染色方法及计算机图像分析技术观察检测。结果:免疫组化染色可见Cat L、Cystatin C分别在曲张、正常大隐静脉中免疫反应阳性,阳性细胞主要位于SMC胞质;曲张组SMC中Cat L阳性细胞平均光密度值明显增高,Cystatin C明显降低,与正常组间差异显著;荧光免疫组织化学染色可见Cat L与曲张大隐静脉SMC共定位,Cystatin C与正常大隐静脉SMC共定位。结论:在曲张大隐静脉的SMC中Cat L表达增强,Cystatin C表达下降。这一改变可能作为大隐静脉曲张的生物学标志。     

可吸收聚乳酸医用膜预防妇科术后盆腔粘连

目的 探讨可吸收聚乳酸医用膜对妇科术后盆腔粘连的预防作用和机制.方法 将50只雌性新西兰大白兔随机分为两组,均在子宫、输卵管浆膜面人为制造创伤.实验组以可吸收聚乳酸医用膜敷贴创面;对照组不予处理.分别于术后2、4、6、8和12周肉眼观察两组粘连情况,并进行病理学形态的观察.结果 术后第2、4、8和12周实验组粘连等级显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).光镜下实验组炎症反应轻微,成纤维细胞增生不明显;电镜下实验组成纤维细胞较小,细胞器不发达.结论 可吸收聚乳酸医用膜可有效屏蔽炎细胞和成纤维细胞在创面的积聚,抑制成纤维细胞的增生,有效地降低大白兔术后盆、腹腔粘连的发生,减轻粘连程度.