老年人膝关节肌腱韧带病变所致疼痛的治疗

目的探索老年人膝关节肌腱韧带病变所致疼痛的治疗方法。方法选取我院镇痛门诊近几年老年人膝关节肌腱韧带病变所致疼痛540例,分组比较药物与痛点封闭阻滞的治疗效果。结果痛点封闭阻滞的止痛效果高于单纯药物治疗（P〈0．001）。结论老年人膝关节肌腱韧带病变所致疼痛具有一定的发病率,痛点阻滞可有效治疗老年人膝关节肌腱韧带病变所致疼痛。     

螺旋CT早期快速诊断多发伤合并的颈椎损伤

多发性创伤合并颈椎损伤的发生率为2%～12%[1].未被发现的颈椎损伤可能在后续诊治过程中发生骨折移位,造成或加重颈髓损伤而导致严重后果.     

危重患者胸腔积液超声测量新方法的建立与应用

目的 探索危重患者胸腔积液超声精确测量的新方法 .方法 选择收住急诊ICU的危重患者46例,应用超声在平卧位、呼气末测定胸腔积液的高度(H)、中间层积液的面积(S)和在后背正中线、腋后线处的厚度(T1、T2),以H×S估算胸腔积液量(Vc),胸腔置管充分引流获取实际积液量.分析胸腔积液实际量与积液高度、厚度、面积及估算量的相关性,比较不同指标和方法 估算积液量的准确性.结果 在总组和各亚组中,胸腔积液实际量与S、(H和S)、Vc的相关性明显好于T1、T2和H.超声测量新方法 获取的估算量与实际积液量有较好的相关性(r=0.778,P＜0.001),而且非常接近实际积液量(平均相差56 ml),尤其在积液量＜500 ml时两者的差别无统计学意义[(417±94)ml对(402±95)ml,t=1.095,P=0.285].Logistic逐步回归分析和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析均表明,以H、S、T1、T2预测实际积液量＞500 ml、400 ml和300 ml,其中以S最为可靠,其阈值分别为30.3 cm2、28.3 cm2和23.1cm2,相应的敏感性和特异性分别为0.77和0.88,0.72和1.0,0.95和1.0.结论 基于积液面积测定基础上建立的胸腔积液超声新测量方法 较传统方法 更可靠和精确,具有重要的临床价值,且测定技术简单,值得推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a new method to measure pleural effusion volume by ultrasound in critically ill patients. Methods Forty-six critically ill patients admitted to emergency ICU were involved.The height of effusion (H),area of effusion at the middle section (S), thickness of effusion at middle-back line (T1) and posterior axillary line (T2) were measured by ultrasound in supine position at the end of expiration. The measured volume of pleural effusion (Vc) was calculated by H×S,and the actual volume of drainage (V) within 2 hours was also recorded. The correlation of actual volume of pleural effusion (V)with effusion height (H) ,thickness (T1, T2), area (S) and the calculated volume (Vc) were analyzed to decide the most accurate index and method. Results There was much better correlation between actual volume of effusion and S, (H & S), Vc, than these between V and T1 ,T2, H in all patients and subgroup, Vc had good correlation with V and very close to V(the average difference was 56 ml) when the actual volume was less than 500 ml,there was no difference[(417 ± 94)ml vs (402±95)ml, t = 1.095, P = 0. 285]. Both Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed S was the most reliable index to predict the actual volume to exceed 500 ml,400 ml,and 300 ml when compared with H,S,T1 and T2. The corresponding threshold was 30.3 cm2 , 28.3 cm2 and 23. 1 cm2 , with the sensitivity and specificity of 0. 77 and 0. 88,0.72 and 1.0,0.95 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusions This new method based on measuring the area of effusion by ultrasound is more efficient and reliable than those traditional ones to measure the volume of pleural effusion. It's clinically valuable and easy to perform, and deserves broad application.     

多发伤患者血清胆碱酯酶与急性期蛋白的相关性

目的 探讨多发伤患者血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)与急性期蛋白(APP)变化的相关性,比较它们在反映病情严重度和判断预后中的价值. 方法 为前瞻性观察研究.选择2005年10月至2007年10月在伤后24 h内收住浙江大学医学院附属第二医院急诊监护室的多发伤患者共81例.排除标准:(1)有慢性肝病、有机磷接触、活动性肺结核或肿瘤病史;(2)伤前有主要脏器感染;(3)存在肝脏损伤;(4)年龄<18周岁者.其中男57例,女24例;年龄(46±18)岁,损伤严重度评分(34.0±11.9).另选择76例本院健康体检者作为对照,其中男53例,女23例;年龄(44±16)岁.排除标准同患者组.2组性别、年龄构成均具可比性.患者组在伤后第1、3,7天抽取静脉血常规方法检测血清ChE活性、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、C反应蛋白(CRP),同时记录急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅲ(APACHEⅢ).对照组以同样方法测定血清ChE、ALB、PAB、TRF、CRP,并采用t检验或秩和检验分别与患者组各时点相比较.采用单因素重复方差分析患者组血清ChE及各APP指标在伤后的动态变化情况,采用Pearson相关分析法分析血清ChE与各APP的相关性及它们与APACHEⅢ的相关性.根据患者转归分为存活和死亡2组,采用t检验或秩和检验比较组间各指标的差异,通过Logistic回归分析比较它们在预后判断中的价值. 结果 患者伤后各时点血清ChE、ALB、PAB、TRF均比各对照组显著降低,CRP则明显升高,其中血清ChE活性都比对照组下降超过25%(42.3%～50.2%),并与PAB、TRF一样呈下降趋势;血清ChE活性在各时点与ALB、PAB、TRF都显著正相关,与CRP第3、7天负相关.患者APACHEⅢ在各时点与血清ChE、TRF均显著负相关,与ALB仅第1天负相关,与PAB仅第1、7天负相关,与CRP仅第7天正相关;各时点死亡组血清ChE活性和TRF都显著低于存活组,而死亡组ALB仅在第7天、PAB仅在第1天和第7天显著低于存活组,CRP仅在第7天显著高于存活组,Logistic回归分析提示仅血清ChE和PAB是判断预后的独立因素. 结论 血清ChE可视为负急性期蛋白的一种,在反映多发伤病情严重度和预测患者转归中的综合价值要优于其他主要APP.     

螺旋CT早期快速诊断多发伤合并的颈椎损伤

多发性创伤合并颈椎损伤的发生率为2%～12%[1].未被发现的颈椎损伤可能在后续诊治过程中发生骨折移位,造成或加重颈髓损伤而导致严重后果.     

螺旋CT早期快速诊断多发伤合并的颈椎损伤

多发性创伤合并颈椎损伤的发生率为2%～12%[1].未被发现的颈椎损伤可能在后续诊治过程中发生骨折移位,造成或加重颈髓损伤而导致严重后果.     

半关节重建术后持续被动运动

１９８９～１９９３年共有６８例骨肿瘤在本院行大块切除，并以异体骨或灭活的自体瘤骨行半关节重建术，根据术后处理情况将这些病人分为二组，一组术后关节外固定４～６周，而另一组术后即接受ＣＰＭ（持续被动运动），经过５个月～４年的随访，发现ＣＰＭ组膝关节（２０例）平均屈曲度比固定组（２１例）大５０°（Ｐ值（０．００１）。根据本研究结果，作者认为ＣＰＭ具有（１）预防或克服重建关节的强直，（２）不妨碍创口、韧带和肌腱的愈合，（３）病人相对无痛苦。     

Early period of fracture healing in ovariectomized rats

Objective. To evaluate the effect of osteoporosis on fracture healing through observing the hlstomorphological changes, bone mineral density of callus and expression and distribution of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1 ), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)and bone morphogenetic protein.2 (BMP-2) in ovariectomized rats. Methods. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats ( aged 12 weeks and weighing 235 g on average ) were randomly divided into an ovariectomized (OVX) group (n =30) anda sham-operated (SO) group ( n = 30). Ovariectomy was performed in the OVX rats and same incision was made in the SO rats. Three months later, fracture of femoral shaft was made on all the rats. Then they were killed at different time points. Callus formation was observed with histological and imethods. Results: A reduction in callus and bone mineral density in the healing femur and a decrease of osteoblasts expressing TGF-β1 near the bone trabecula were observed in the OVX rats 3-4 weeks after fracture.Histomorphological analysis revealed a higher content of soft callus in the OVX rats than that in the SO rats.Immunohistochemistry results showed that no remarkable difference in expression and distribution of BMP-2 and bFGF between the OVX and SO groups was found. Conclusions: Osteoporosis influences the quantity and quality of callus during the early period of fracture healing. The effect of osteoporosis on fracture healing has no relationship with the expression of BMP-2 or bFGF. The decreased expression of TGF-I31 in osteoblasts may cause a decrease in quality of facture healing after osteoporosis.     

影响严重创伤合并急性肺损伤的患者病死率危险因素分析

目的 研究影响严重创伤合并急性肺损伤患者病死率的潜在危险因素.方法 这是一项以严重创伤作为唯一原因收治急诊科和急诊监护室患者的回顾性病例对照研究,通过单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析法对18个潜在影响严重创伤病死率的危险因素进行分析.结果 有343例严重创伤合并创伤后急性肺损伤患者收治于急诊科和急诊监护室,分析得出五个影响急性肺损伤病死率的危险因素是:(1)急性生理和慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,A-PACHE)Ⅱ评分,(2)创伤持续时间,(3)年龄,(4)胃肠返流,和(5)弥散性血管内凝血(disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC),亦发现这些特定的危险因素对不同的分层患者人群具有不同的影响程度.结论 APACHEⅡ评分和胃肠返流对急性肺损伤病死率的影响在创伤后的早期阶段.值得注意的是创伤持续时间和DIC对急性肺损伤的进展和病死率既有短期影响,又有远期影响.老龄患者(大于65岁)由于继发脓毒症和肺功能的恶化仍旧是影响病死率的独立危险因素.具备以上危险因素的患者应尽可能早的接受积极的支持治疗以阻止病情的恶化.