眼底荧光血管造影相关性副反应的预见性护理

眼底荧光血管造影 (FFA)是眼底病诊断检查的重要方法 ,在眼科临床中广泛使用。检查过程中一旦发生头晕、心悸、恶心、呕吐等副反应 ,直接影响疾病的诊断、治疗和预后。我们对812例行FFA检查过程中发生副反应的 3 16例病人进行观察分析 ,探讨护理对策 ,为临床提供帮助。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　 2 0 0 2年 2月— 2 0 0 3年 8月行FFA检查的病人812例。其中男 5 0 3例 ,女 3 0 9例 ,年龄 16岁～ 77岁。分为门诊病人组 60 3例 ,病房病人组 2 0 9例。疾病种类包括 :中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变 2 18例 ,黄斑病变 3 1例 ,眼底血管病变…     

如何早期发现慢性肾脏病和尿毒症(上)

国际上对"慢性肾脏病"有着明确的定义,1999年美国肾脏病基金会KDOQI专家组提出T.陵性肾脏病(CKD)的定义及分期标准。根据该定义,CKD是指肾脏损害或肾小球滤过率     

益气活血利水法对肾性高血压大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响

目的 :了解益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )对肾实质性高血压 (RPH)大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响。方法 :采用肾大部切除加高盐喂养法建立RPH模型。随机分为实验组 (高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组 )、阳性药对照组 (开博通 )、空白对照组 (水 ) ,每日灌胃 1次 ,连续 8周。分别于2、4、6、8周测定血压、肌酐、肌酐清除率。利用多因素方差分析方法 ,分析益气活血利水法对RPH大鼠血压及肾功能的影响。结果 :肌酐 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )各组与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血压 :6周时益气活血利水法各组与对照组比较有显著性差异 (高剂量组P<0 0 5、中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 0 1) ;肌酐清除率 :6周时的实验组与空白对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,8周时益气活血利水法各组与空白对照组均有显著差异 (高剂量组P <0 0 5 ,中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 5 )。结论 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )能降低模型大鼠血压 ,并对肾功能有一定的保护作用。     

腹膜透析常见并发症的中医治疗

随着腹膜透析技术的不断改进 ,目前以腹膜透析维持生命的慢性肾衰竭患者越来越多。然而 ,腹膜透析的一些并发症往往成为影响透析疗效及存活时间的主要因素。根据我们十余年的临床实践经验 ,现就腹膜透析过程中的一些主要并发症的中医治疗体会分述如下。1　常见并发症及治疗1 1　腹膜炎　临床主要表现为透出液混浊、腹痛、腹部不适、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、寒战、发热、腹部压痛、引流障碍、舌苔黄、脉滑数。透出液中白细胞数往往迅速增多 ,大于 1 0 0个 /ｍｍ3,其中中性粒细胞占 50 %以上 ,透析液中可分离出致病菌。症属中医热毒炽盛 ,湿浊内蕴…     

肾实质性高血压中医治疗和研究进展

肾实质性高血压(RPH)已成为慢性肾脏病进展的重要因素。控制RPH是保护肾功能的关键之一。现代医学对RPH的发病机制认识不断深入,降压药如血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和钙离子拮抗剂等有较好的降压效果和保护肾功能作用,但也有一定的副作用,一些RPH的控制仍很困难。中医药能够发挥整体调节机制,具有较好的降压作用,且副作用少,同时可保护肾功能,有一定的优势。现对RPH中医治疗和研究作一简要综述。     

生命信息电磁波治疗冠心病不稳定性心绞痛80例临床观察

我院于1998～1999年应用SMS-03型生命信息治疗仪发放10-13～10-15库电磁波治疗不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)123例,报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　123例均符合WHO冠心病诊断标准。分两组,观察组:80例,其中男58例,女22例;平均年龄56.5岁;对照组:43例,其中男24例,女19例,平均年龄58.4岁。1.2　治疗方法　观察组应用常规药物,同时应用SMS-03型生命信息治疗仪。仪器为上海华康生命信息科学技术实业有限公司生产。采用直接法,正极置于左腕桡动脉处,负极置于左下肢足背静脉处,1/d,2h/次,15d为一疗程;对照组为常规药物治疗,消心痛20mg,肝素钠7…     

推拿配合针刺拔火罐治疗小儿咳嗽35例

目的：增强临床上以推拿结合针灸拔火罐治疗小儿咳嗽的意识。方法：辨证选取正确的推拿穴位施以均匀、持久、柔和、有力、渗透的推拿手法，再辨证选取穴位配合针刺、拔火罐治疗小儿咳嗽。结果：35例患儿经采用该治疗方法后均治愈。结论：小儿咳嗽证型复杂多变，此种治疗方法简便，针对性强，相比中西药物治疗有较强优势，值得推广一试。     

36例股骨下端粉碎性骨折的临床治疗体会

股骨髁部粉碎性骨折按瑞士骨折内固定学会(AO)分类为C型,非手术治疗常致畸形愈合、关节强直.股骨下端粉碎性骨折可分为股骨下端骨骺分离、单髁粉碎性骨折和双髁粉碎性骨折,具有多发性、粉碎性和不稳定性,极易波及关节面.     

Role and mechanism of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tumor necrosis factor α in upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation in rats

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS). Methods The rat models of AR and AS were made by injecting ovalbumin. The infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and toluidine blue staining respectively, and the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in nasal mucosa and lung tissue were examined by immunohistochemical staining ( SP method). The relationship of their expression with upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation was analyzed. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The numbers of MMP-9 positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR were ( 154.8±12.0)and (124. 0 ±8.2), (43. 2 ±7.6) and (34. 5 ±5.0) in the control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 24. 260, 29. 525 respectively, all P＜0.05). The numbers of MMP-9 positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AS were (149.9±11.7)and(120.1±7.3), (48.6 ± 7. 6) and (39.1±5.2)in control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 22. 929 and 28. 530respectively, all P＜0.05).The numbers of TNF-α positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR were (188.8±17.0), and (134.8±7.9), (57.6±23.3)and(40. 3 ± 8. 2 ) in control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 13. 836 and 26. 220, all P ＜0.05). The numbers of TNF-α positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AS were (179. 2 ± 15.4 ) and ( 153. 5 ± 10. 1 ), (70. 5 ±33. 1 ) and ( 33.8 ± 14. 0) in control groups, the difference was significant ( t value were 9. 412 and 21. 858, all P ＜0. 05). There was a correlation between the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR ( r values were 0. 893 and 0. 700 respectively, P values were 0. 001 and 0. 024, respectively ) and AS ( r values were 0. 692 and 0. 644 respectively, P values were 0. 027and 0. 044 respectively) groups. Conclusions The inflammation is similar between AR and AS. The MMP9 and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation.