In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent

Patients with mechanic ankle instability experience increased tibiotalar and subtalar joint laxity. However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (p = 0.016, = 0.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, p = 0.003, = 0.352; pose 3, p < 0.001, = 0.454; pose 4, p = 0.004, = 0.334), inverted (pose 4, p = 0.027, = 0.234; pose 5,p = 0.034, = 0.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, p = 0.037, = 0.217; pose 5; p = 0.004, = 0.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid‐stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860–1867, 2019     

儿童难治性肾病综合征的探讨95例临床分析

本文对95例肾病综合征进行分析,探讨了性别、年龄、发病迁延时间、浮肿、蛋白尿、血尿、血压、尿素氮、血浆蛋白、血浆胆固醇、免疫球蛋白、补体C_3与激素反应及分型的关系。认为下列综合分析可做为判定难治性肾病综合征的参考。难治性肾病多分布在7岁以上,激素治疗4～8周血浆蛋白尚未恢复,尿镜检反复出现红细胞及颗粒管型,血清r—球蛋白不低,而补体C_3降低,提示难治性肾病。各种感染常常是造成肾病综合心难以控制,甚至死亡的重要因素。     

The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in removing glutamate from the extracellular space and maintaining the glutamate below neurotoxic level in the brain. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes in the expression of GLT-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CA1 hippocampus during the induction of BIT, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of BIT in rats. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP showed that the processes of astrocytes were prolonged after a CIP 2 days before the lethal ischemic insult, which could protect pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal ischemic insult. The prolonged processes extended into the area between the pyramidal neurons and tightly surrounded them. These changes made the pyramidal layer look like a 'shape grid'. Simultaneously, the prolonged and extended processes showed a great deal of GLT-1. Western blotting analysis showed significant upregulation of GLT-1 expression after the CIP, especially when it was administered 2 days before the subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that DHK dose-dependently blocked the protective role of CIP against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal brain ischemia. It might be concluded that the surrounding of pyramidal neurons by astrocytes and upregulation of GLT-1 induced by CIP played an important role in the acquisition of the BIT induced by CIP.     

颅面联合入路切除颅眶鼻沟通瘤

本文报告了颅面联合入路成功切除颅眶鼻沟通瘤5例,包括上颌窦腺鳞癌及胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤各1例,嗅神经母细胞瘤2例,分化好的软骨肉瘤1例。重点讨论了手术方法,眼球保留及颅底修复等问题。     

膳食纤维分析方法的简化

对ＳｅｌｖｅｎｄｒａｎＲＲ等人的冷中性洗涤剂纤维提取分析法（ＣＮＤＦ）进行简化，改变了各溶剂的处理时间，省去了湿球研磨与超声波处理步骤。将原法中ＳＬＳ－ＰＡＷ－ＤＷＳＯ处理时间１５ｈ，３０ｍｉｎ和１６ｈ分别延长为２２ｈ，４０ｍｉｎ与２２ｈ，化学分析与透射电镜观察结果表明，简化法对膳食纤维的提取分析效果与原推荐法相同，更加方便与实用。     

功能性内镜鼻窦手术的核心技术

自Messerldinger 1972年开始采用鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎至今已近40年[1],在我国也已经有20年的历史.1995年Kennedy将其命名为功能性内镜鼻窦手术(functional endoscopic sinus surgery,FESS)[2].时至今日,FESS仍然是慢性鼻窦炎最重要的治疗手段之一.     

The PKD1 gene product, "polycystin-1," is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein that colocalizes with alpha2beta1-integrin in focal clusters in adherent renal epithelia.

Mutations in the PKD1 gene are responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although PKD1 has been cloned and shown to be expressed at high levels in the fetal ureteric bud and ADPKD cystic epithelia in the human kidney, the function of its encoded protein, "polycystin-1" is unknown. In this study we used primary and immortalized human renal epithelial cell lines derived from normal fetal, adult, and ADPKD kidneys, that endogenously express PKD1, to study the biologic function of the polycystin-1 protein. ADPKD renal epithelial cells expressed high levels of polycystin-1 protein and showed increased adhesion to type I collagen by comparison with normal adult human renal epithelia that expressed little polycystin. Adherent ADPKD cells also expressed high levels of alpha2beta1-integrin and their attachment was inhibited by a functional monoclonal antibody to alpha2-integrin. Double labeling and confocal microscopy as well as coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed overlapping colocalization of polycystin-1 with alpha2beta1-integrin as well as with the focal adhesion proteins vinculin and paxillin in multiprotein clusters localized to focal areas of cell membrane contact with type I collagen matrix after short periods of attachment. Immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblot studies also showed that polycystin-1 was posttranslationally modified by tyrosine phosphorylation. These studies suggest that the PKD1-encoded protein is part of a large multiprotein complex in epithelial cells that functions in the regulation of extracellular matrix interactions with the plasma membrane and cell cytoskeleton.     

QT Dispersion Level and Its Clinical Significance.in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

［1］Richardson CP, Mckenna RM, Bristow CM, et al.Report of the 1995 Word Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation, 1996,93: 841 ［2］Barr CS, Naas A, Freeman M, et al. QT dispersion and sudden unexpected death in chronic heart failure. Lancet, 1994,343:327 ［3］Martin AB, Garson A, Perry JC, et al. Prolonged QT interval in hypertropic and dilated cardiomyopathy in children. Am Heart J, 1994,127(1):64 ［4］Pye M, Quinn AC, Cobble SM. QT dispersion: a non-invasive marker of susceptibility to arrhythmia in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias?Br Heart J, 1994,71(5):51 ［5］Berger RD, Kasper EK, Baughman KL, et al. Beat to beat QT interval variability: novel evidence for repolarization lability in ischemic and non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 1997, 96 (5):1557 ［6］Wolfram G, Ulrike S, Volker M, et al. QT dispersion and arrhythmic events in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol, 1997,78: 458 ［7］Fei L, Goldman JH, Prasal K, et al. QT dispersion and RR variations on 12-lead ECGs in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J, 1996,17: 258 ［8］Pan YZ, Guo NS, Xing ZF, et al. The relation between QT dispersion and ventricular arrhythmia of dilated cardiomyopathy. Chin J Inter Medi, 1996,35(11):73 ［9］Galinier M, Vialette JC, Fourcade J, et al. QT interval dispersion as a predictor of arrhythmic events in congestive heart failure. Importance of aetiology. Eur Heart J, 1998,19(7) :1054     

大肠癌新相关基因HSU17714的染色体定位研究

目的确定大肠癌新相关基因ＨＳＵ１７７１４的染色体定位。方法采用强化荧光原位杂交技术（ＦＩＳＨ）,以生物素化酪胺强化荧光原位杂交信号。结果８０．０％（１２８／１６０）的间期细胞和５９．８％（１０４／１７４）的中期分裂相可见到明显集中的ＨＳＵ１７７１４基因的杂交信号,相应荧光Ｒ带分析中,８５．１％（４０／４７）在２２号染色体上１区３带处有杂交信号。结论ＨＳＵ１７７１４基因定位于２２ｑ１３。