全文获取类型
收费全文 | 617篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 13篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 66篇 |
口腔科学 | 8篇 |
临床医学 | 60篇 |
内科学 | 145篇 |
皮肤病学 | 19篇 |
神经病学 | 43篇 |
特种医学 | 67篇 |
外科学 | 134篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
预防医学 | 35篇 |
眼科学 | 7篇 |
药学 | 31篇 |
肿瘤学 | 28篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有681条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
A comparative analysis of radiological and surgical placement of central venous catheters 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Kieran D. McBride Ross Fisher Neil Warnock David A. Winfield Malcolm W. Reed Peter A. Gaines 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1997,20(1):17-22
Purpose To compare the differences in practice and outcome of all radiologically and surgically placed central venous catheters retrospectively
over a 2-year period simultaneously, at a single institution.
Methods A total of 253 Hickman catheters were inserted in 209 patients; 120 were placed radiologically in 102 patients and 133 were
placed surgically in 107 patients. The indication was chemotherapy in 76% of radiological and in 47% of surgical cases; the
remainder were for total parenteral nutrition and venous access.
Results There were 6 (4.5%) primary surgical failures and a further 17 (13%) surgical cases requiring multiple placement attempts.
Pneumothorax occurred once (0.8%) surgically and four times (3.3%) radiologically. There were no radiological primary misplacements
but there were five (3.7%) surgical ones. Catheter or central vein thrombosis occurred in four (3.3%) radiological and five
(3.7%) surgical cases. The rate of infection per 1000 catheter-days was 1.9 in radiologically placed catheters and 4.0 in
surgically placed ones (p<0.001). Average catheter life-span was similar for the two placement methods (100±23 days).
Conclusion Radiological placement is consistently more reliable than surgical placement. There are fewer placement complications and
fewer catheter infections overall. 相似文献
4.
Autoantibodies to the heat-shock protein hsp90 in systemic lupus erythematosus 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12 下载免费PDF全文
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop multiple autoantibodies to self-antigens. Analysis of autoantibody systems in this and related autoimmune disorders can provide information of etiologic and pathogenetic significance. We report here a previously unrecognized autoantibody to the 90,000-D heat-shock protein, hsp90, a molecule thought to have important functions in the cellular response to stress, virus-induced transformation, steroid hormone receptor action, and cellular activation. Autoantibodies to hsp90 were exclusively of the IgG class, and were detected in approximately 50% of unselected patients with SLE and 2/6 patients with idiopathic polymyositis. Anti-hsp90 antibodies were not detected in sera from 10 normal subjects, 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, or 7 patients with scleroderma. The identity of this major intracytoplasmic antigen was established by its specific removal from nonionic detergent cell lysates following immunoabsorption with monospecific rabbit anti-hsp90, and by demonstration of increased synthesis following a 10-min 45 degrees C heat shock. These data define the frequent occurrence of a novel autoantibody to a major heat-shock protein in patients with SLE. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
John B. Winfield Philip Fernsten Jan Czyzyk Ena Wang John Marchalonis 《Springer Seminars in Immunopathology》1994,16(2-3):201-210
Conclusions The multivalency of cold-reactive IgM anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, together with the local density of reactive antigens on the cell surface, may confer a capacity for a variety of immunoregulatory and non-specific physiological roles in the immune system and in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Targets of interest in this regard include CD45,
2 microglobulin, and surface immunoglobulin. IgG anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, while more difficult to study, also exhibit interesting specificities. However, whether any of the mechanisms by which anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies could alter cellular function actually obtain in vivo remains speculative. Essentially all of the data in this regard derive from experiments in which anti-lymphocyte autoantibody-containing SLE serum or plasma, or purified Ig fractions thereof, is combined with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in short-term culture in vitro. Thus, it is possible that anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies in SLE, rather than contributing to pathogenesis, reflect a physiological attempt by the immune system to restore homeostasis in the face of aggressive autoimmune stimulation. 相似文献
8.
Midtown Mental Health Center/Memphis and Shelby County Emergency Mental Health Services, Inc., is a community mental health center located in the downtown area of Memphis/Shelby County, Tennessee, a large urban metropolitan area. The center established a temporary pool of employees for each center program to provide coverage of critical positions. The PRN Pool is designed to minimize disruptions to client services during employee absences. The article outlines the benefits to the center, the employees, and the consumer. 相似文献
9.
Age has a profound effect on the incidence and significance of chromosome abnormalities in myeloma. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F M Ross A H Ibrahim A Vilain-Holmes M O Winfield L Chiecchio R K M Protheroe P Strike J L Gunasekera A Jones C J Harrison G J Morgan N C P Cross 《Leukemia》2005,19(9):1634-1642
A simple high throughput micro-fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique (FISH) was used to detect chromosome 13 deletions (delta13), immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements, t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), t(14;16)(q23;q32), p53 loss, and numerical changes of chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 17 in 228 cases of multiple myeloma (MM), including 33 asymptomatic/smouldering MM (SMM). The patients were not part of a clinical trial and were from 30 different hospitals. In all, 98.4% of cases were abnormal, with 43% having IgH rearrangements and 42% Delta13. The low incidence of IgH rearrangements was due to a decrease in this finding with age (P = 0.001) and the relatively high proportion of elderly patients in our study population (41% >70 years old). The incidence of specific IgH translocations was t(4;14) 11%, t(11;14) 16% and t(14;16) 3%. Univariate statistical testing showed delta13 (P = 0.002), and t(14;16) (P = 0.005) to be associated with shorter survival. This effect was exaggerated for patient's aged 70 years or under but no effect on survival was seen for those over 70 years. In younger patients t(4;14) (P = 0.044) and p53 deletion (P < 0.001) were also significant poor prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis showed delta13 and t(14;16) to be independent prognostic variables when considered with age and clinical parameters. 相似文献
10.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common, estimated to affect 425 million people worldwide in 2017. It is a condition that is continually growing in prevalence and is often associated with multiple co-morbidities. Its multi-system effects on the body mean that its management can pose a challenge, even to more experienced clinicians. In orthopaedic practice, diabetic patients are commonly encountered owing to their increased fracture risk and complications of the disease such as diabetic foot. An appropriate knowledge of diabetes, its pathophysiology, immunology and the pharmacology of medications used in its treatment is essential, as the consequences of mismanagement can be grave. Optimal treatment of diabetics can often require the involvement of a wider multidisciplinary team. Complications that can be encountered in the perioperative and postoperative periods include, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, surgical site infection and venous thromboembolism. This review outlines current concepts in the perioperative management of diabetes and its manifestations within orthopaedic surgery, with a focus on outcomes and complications. A review of the available literature reveals conflicting conclusions between studies, with no clear effect or consensus yet established for many issues. There is a need for a greater number of well-designed, high-quality, appropriately powered trials to establish the true effect of diabetes on outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. 相似文献