全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2795篇 |
免费 | 196篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 63篇 |
妇产科学 | 91篇 |
基础医学 | 574篇 |
口腔科学 | 22篇 |
临床医学 | 245篇 |
内科学 | 627篇 |
皮肤病学 | 29篇 |
神经病学 | 244篇 |
特种医学 | 82篇 |
外科学 | 199篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 183篇 |
眼科学 | 38篇 |
药学 | 335篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 226篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 65篇 |
2021年 | 99篇 |
2020年 | 70篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 98篇 |
2017年 | 72篇 |
2016年 | 76篇 |
2015年 | 91篇 |
2014年 | 132篇 |
2013年 | 151篇 |
2012年 | 232篇 |
2011年 | 228篇 |
2010年 | 126篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 222篇 |
2007年 | 233篇 |
2006年 | 184篇 |
2005年 | 170篇 |
2004年 | 140篇 |
2003年 | 126篇 |
2002年 | 119篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2997条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jeroen M. van de Pol Jurjen G. Geljon Svetlana V. Belitser Geert W.J. Frederix Anke M. Hövels Marcel L. Bouvy 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(1):70-76
Introduction
The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.Methods
Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.Results
Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.Discussion and conclusion
This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice. 相似文献2.
Morin Catherine L.; Dolina Svetlana; Robertson Richard T.; Ribak Charles E. 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1994,4(2):119-128
BALB/c mice lack a corpus callosum in about 11% of the population.Two inbred substrains of BALB/c mice, epilepsy-prone (EP) andepilepsy-resistant (ER), have been examined to determine whetherthese substrains differ in regard to corpus callosum morphology.Further, this study addressed the issue of whether misroutedcortical axons form an aberrant pathway instead of the corpuscallosum. Initial studies that examined fresh brain tissue ofadult animals revealed normal corpora callosa in all ER micebut deficient or absent corpora callosa in all EP mice. Subsequently,Dil crystals were placed in the motor cortices of aldehyde-fixedbrains of 2-week-old animals to investigate cortical projectionsin both inbred substrains of mice. Fluorescent microscopy revealedthat all of the ER animals had normal corpora callosa, whereasall EP animals exhibited either reduced corpora callosa (partiallycallosal) or an absence (acallosal) of this structure. Bothacallosal and partially callosal EP mice displayed an extensive,aberrant projection to the basal forebrain as well as bilateralprojections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Thefibers projecting to the basal forebrain arose from the cortex,coursed toward the midline before turning ventrally along themidline, and appeared to terminate in the medial septal nucleusand the nucleus of the diagonal band. ER animals lacked thisaberrant cortical projection to the basal forebrain. Electronmicroscopic results obtained from EP mice indicated that labeledaxons in this aberrant pathway formed axosomatic, axodendritic,and axospinous synapses with the neurons in the medial septal/diagonalband complex. The function of the aberrant projection to thebasal forebrain remains unknown but it may provide an abnormalexcitatory input to a region that provides cholinergic and GABAergicinput to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The additionalprojections to midline and contralateral intralaminar thalamicnuclei in EP mice may function to intensify the synchronizationof bilateral discharges. 相似文献
3.
Alexey V. Mazurov Dimitry V. Vinogradov Svetlana G. Khaspekova Anatoly V. Krushinsky Ludmila V. Gerdeva Sergei A. Vasiliev 《European journal of haematology》1996,57(1):38-41
Abstract: Patient B.G. is a 29-yr-old female with a lifelong bleeding disorder characterized clinically by a highly increased bleeding time, menorrhagias, long-lasting bleeding after cuts and tooth extractions and large post-traumatic haematomas. Her coagulation tests were within normal range, platelet count was 140,000–160,000 per μl, but platelet function was impaired as demonstrated by the absence of collagen-induced aggregation, although no abnormalities were detected in aggregation response to ADP and ristocetin. Morphologically her platelets were characterized by gigantic size – average profile area was about 2.5 times higher than that of control donors, and severe deficiency of α-granules – only 16% of their number in control donors. These features taken together indicated the diagnosis of grey platelet syndrome. As has been shown by quantitative immunoblotting, patient's platelets contained small amounts of α-granule membrane protein P-selectin – about 15% of that in control donors. The content of plasma membrane glycoproteins IIb–IIIa and Ib was not reduced, suggesting the specific deficiency of α-granule membrane protein. Thus, B.G. is the second patient described in the literature (see also Lages et al, J Clin Invest 1991: 87: 919–929) with combined deficiency of α-granules and P-selectin. 相似文献
4.
Ljiljana Ševaljević Sanja Marinković Desanka Bogojević Svetlana Matić Bogdan Bošković 《Archives of toxicology》1989,63(5):406-411
We have studied the effect of soman intoxication on serum acute phase reactants (APR) levels, and the relationship of the APR and corticosterone concentrations and the immunosuppressive activity of the serum. One day after the injection of 1.8 LD50 soman the concentrations of 2-macroglobulin (2-MG) and 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in the serum of antidote protected rats increased 4- and 7-fold, respectively, whereas those of hemopexin (Hx), haptoglobin (Hp) and cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) were two to three times higher than in the controls. A similar magnitude of increase of serum acute phase reactants levels was observed when 0.3 LD50 soman was administered at 24-h intervals over the 5-day period. The relationship of changes in the APR concentration, corticosterone level and immunosuppressive activity of the serum was also comparable to that observed in the acute phase response to tissue injury. 相似文献
5.
6.
Cation channels,cell volume and the death of an erythrocyte 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Lang F Lang KS Wieder T Myssina S Birka C Lang PA Kaiser S Kempe D Duranton C Huber SM 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2003,447(2):121-125
Similar to a variety of nucleated cells, human erythrocytes activate a non-selective cation channel upon osmotic cell shrinkage. Further stimuli of channel activation include oxidative stress, energy depletion and extracellular removal of Cl–. The channel is permeable to Ca2+ and opening of the channel increases cytosolic [Ca2+]. Intriguing evidence points to a role of this channel in the elimination of erythrocytes by apoptosis. Ca2+ entering through the cation channel stimulates a scramblase, leading to breakdown of cell membrane phosphatidylserine asymmetry, and stimulates Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels, thus leading to KCl loss and (further) cell shrinkage. The breakdown of phosphatidylserine asymmetry is evidenced by annexin binding, a typical feature of apoptotic cells. The effects of osmotic shock, oxidative stress and energy depletion on annexin binding are mimicked by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 µM) and blunted in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. Nevertheless, the residual annexin binding points to additional mechanisms involved in the triggering of the scramblase. The exposure of phosphatidylserine at the extracellular face of the cell membrane stimulates phagocytes to engulf the apoptotic erythrocytes. Thus, sustained activation of the cation channels eventually leads to clearance of affected erythrocytes from peripheral blood. Susceptibility to annexin binding is enhanced in several genetic disorders affecting erythrocyte function, such as thalassaemia, sickle-cell disease and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The enhanced vulnerability presumably contributes to the shortened life span of the affected erythrocytes. Beyond their role in the limitation of erythrocyte survival, cation channels may contribute to the triggering of apoptosis in nucleated cells exposed to osmotic shock and/or oxidative stress. 相似文献
7.
Renal glomerulogenesis in medaka fish, Oryzias latipes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Svetlana Fedorova Rieko Miyamoto Tomohiro Harada Sumio Isogai Hisashi Hashimoto Kenjiro Ozato Yuko Wakamatsu 《Developmental dynamics》2008,237(9):2342-2352
We provide an overview of glomerulogenesis in medaka from the embryo to the adult by means of in situ hybridization with the wt1 gene as a marker as well as histology and three-dimensional images. The pronephric glomus starts to develop in the intermediate mesoderm during early somitogenesis, is completed before hatching, and persists throughout the lifetime of the fish. Within 5 days after hatching, mesonephric glomerulus formation begins in the caudomedial end of the pronephric sinus and duct area. The number of glomeruli reaches approximately 200-300 in each kidney within 2 months after hatching. wt1 expression during nephron maturation served as a marker for the formation of the mesenchymal condensate and the nephrogenic body. Existence of mesenchymal condensates and persistence of wt1 expression in the adult kidney suggest that the mesonephros retains precursor cells that may be capable of contributing to neoglomerulogenesis during adulthood. Developmental Dynamics 237:2342-2352, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
8.
9.
Shebzukhov YV Koroleva EP Khlgatian SV Lagarkova MA Meshcheryakov AA Lichinitser MR Karbach J Jager E Kuprash DV Nedospasov SA 《Immunology letters》2005,100(1):88-93
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS), the critical enzyme for DNA synthesis and a target for chemotherapy, was recently characterized as an oncogene and a potential target for specific immunotherapy. Here we report TYMS-specific antibody response in a fraction of colon cancer patients. Humoral immune response to TYMS is induced by chemotherapy using TYMS inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and may be associated with tumor burden. Therefore, TYMS may serve as a useful serological biomarker for monitoring the course of disease and treatment in cancer patients. 相似文献
10.
Loss of function of axonemal dynein Mdnah5 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also known as Kartagener's syndrome, is a human syndrome that results from ciliary dysfunction. This syndrome is characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, situs inversus and infertility. In some cases, hydrocephalus is also observed. We have characterized an insertional mutation in a mouse axonemal dynein heavy chain gene (Mdnah5) that reproduces most of the classical features of PCD, including recurrent respiratory infections, situs inversus and ciliary immotility. These mice also suffer from hydrocephalus and die perinatally. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate the loss of axonemal outer arms. These results show that mutations in Mdnah5 are a primary cause of PCD and provide direct evidence that mutations in an axonemal dynein can cause hydrocephalus. Mutations in the human DNAH5 have recently been identified in PCD patients. Comparison of the mouse model and the human data suggests that the degree of ciliary dysfunction is causally related to the severity of human PCD, particularly the presence of hydrocephalus. 相似文献