全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15044篇 |
免费 | 686篇 |
国内免费 | 103篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 194篇 |
儿科学 | 209篇 |
妇产科学 | 106篇 |
基础医学 | 1883篇 |
口腔科学 | 265篇 |
临床医学 | 805篇 |
内科学 | 4068篇 |
皮肤病学 | 239篇 |
神经病学 | 921篇 |
特种医学 | 635篇 |
外科学 | 2820篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 361篇 |
眼科学 | 257篇 |
药学 | 1017篇 |
中国医学 | 27篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1975篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 93篇 |
2022年 | 186篇 |
2021年 | 352篇 |
2020年 | 180篇 |
2019年 | 244篇 |
2018年 | 313篇 |
2017年 | 272篇 |
2016年 | 312篇 |
2015年 | 338篇 |
2014年 | 410篇 |
2013年 | 511篇 |
2012年 | 839篇 |
2011年 | 873篇 |
2010年 | 478篇 |
2009年 | 483篇 |
2008年 | 827篇 |
2007年 | 900篇 |
2006年 | 890篇 |
2005年 | 866篇 |
2004年 | 826篇 |
2003年 | 809篇 |
2002年 | 832篇 |
2001年 | 319篇 |
2000年 | 286篇 |
1999年 | 287篇 |
1998年 | 202篇 |
1997年 | 168篇 |
1996年 | 126篇 |
1995年 | 134篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 221篇 |
1991年 | 221篇 |
1990年 | 187篇 |
1989年 | 179篇 |
1988年 | 174篇 |
1987年 | 185篇 |
1986年 | 143篇 |
1985年 | 137篇 |
1984年 | 89篇 |
1983年 | 69篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 68篇 |
1978年 | 40篇 |
1975年 | 35篇 |
1974年 | 35篇 |
1973年 | 40篇 |
1971年 | 44篇 |
1968年 | 42篇 |
1967年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hideyuki Masuda Makoto Kimura Akiko Nishioka Hiroshi Kato Akimichi Morita 《Journal of dermatological science》2019,93(2):109-115
Background
Photosensitizers used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat dermatologic disease are metabolized into mainly protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which has five absorption wavelength peaks: 410?nm, 510?nm, 545?nm, 580?nm, and 630?nm. Although only red light around 635?nm and blue light around 400?nm are used as light sources for PDT, the efficiency of PDT might be improved by using multiple wavelengths, including those that correspond to the other absorption peaks of PpIX. Furthermore, because the target disease often occurs on the face, a flexible-type light-source unit that can be fitted to the lesion without unnecessarily exposing the mucous membranes, e.g., the eyes, nostrils, and mouth, is preferred.Objective
We investigated the efficacy of a flexible light-emitting diode (LED) unit that emits multiple wavelengths to improve PDT effects.Methods
HaCaT cells were incubated with 5-ALA and subsequently irradiated with either a single wavelength or sequentially with two wavelengths. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species were analyzed. Nude mice were implanted with COLO679 cells by subcutaneous injection into the flank. 5-ALA was subcutaneously injected into the tumor. The tumor was irradiated with 50?J/cm2 (day 0) and assessed daily until day 21.Results
The synergistic PDT effects of dual-wavelength irradiation and reactive oxygen species production were highest with the 405-nm and 505-nm wavelength combination. This dual wavelength combination was also the most effective in vivo.Conclusion
We could therefore conclude that dual-wavelength PDT is an efficient strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of PDT. Using a flexible LED unit is expected to achieve more uniform irradiation of uneven areas. 相似文献2.
Comparative safety study on severe anemia by simeprevir versus telaprevir‐based triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C 下载免费PDF全文
Eiichi Ogawa Norihiro Furusyo Eiji Kajiwara Hideyuki Nomura Akira Kawano Kazuhiro Takahashi Kazufumi Dohmen Takeaki Satoh Koichi Azuma Makoto Nakamuta Toshimasa Koyanagi Kazuhiro Kotoh Shinji Shimoda Jun Hayashi The Kyushu University Liver Disease Study Group 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2015,30(8):1309-1316
3.
Shinji Naganawa Rintaro Ito Hisashi Kawai Toshiaki Taoka Tadao Yoshida Michihiko Sone 《Magnetic resonance in medical sciences》2020,19(4):375
Purpose:It has been reported previously that intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) leaks into the subarachnoid space around the cortical veins at 4 h after injection in all old people over 37 years, but not in younger people up to 37 years of age in 3D-real IR images. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a strict threshold of 37 years of age for the leakage of the GBCA into the subarachnoid space.Methods:The subjects included 190 patients, that were scanned for 3D-real IR images at 4 hours after intravenous injection of GBCA as a diagnostic test for endolymphatic hydrops. The patient’s age ranged from 14 to 81 years. Two experienced neuroradiologists evaluated the images to determine whether the GBCA leakage around the cortical veins was positive or negative. Any discrepancies between the two observers were discussed and a consensus was obtained.A Mann–Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare the positive and the negative group and to set the age cut-off value for the prediction of GBCA leakage.Results:The GBCA leakage around the cortical veins was negative in 35 patients and positive in 155 patients. The average age was 33 ± 11 years in the negative group, and 55 ± 12 years in the positive group (P < 0.01). In the ROC analysis for the age and leakage of the GBCA, an area under the curve was 0.905 and the cut-off age was 37.317 years (sensitivity of 0.942 and specificity of 0.771).Conclusion:Intravenously administered GBCA leaks into the subarachnoid space around the cortical veins in most patients over 37 years of age. However, it should be noted that it can be found occasionally in patients under 37 years of age. 相似文献
4.
Toshio Kushiro Hiroshige Itakura Yoshihisa Abo Hiromi Gotou Shinji Terao Deborah L Keefe 《Hypertension research》2006,29(12):997-1005
Aliskiren is a novel orally active renin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension. This study evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy, safety and tolerability of aliskiren in Japanese patients with hypertension. Forty hundred and fifty-five Japanese men and women with a mean sitting diastolic blood pressure of 95-110 mmHg were randomized to receive once-daily double-blind treatment for 8 weeks with aliskiren 75, 150 or 300 mg or placebo. Aliskiren produced significant, dose-dependent reductions in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (p<0.0005 vs. placebo for each dose) and mean sitting systolic blood pressure (p<0.001 vs. placebo for each dose). The placebo-corrected reductions in mean sitting systolic/diastolic blood pressure were 5.7/4.0, 5.9/4.5 and 11.2/7.5 mmHg in the aliskiren 75, 150 and 300 mg groups, respectively. After 8 weeks' treatment, 27.8%, 47.8%, 48.2% and 63.7% of patients in the placebo and aliskiren 75, 150 and 300 mg groups, respectively, achieved a successful treatment response (diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and/or reduced by > or =10 mmHg from baseline; p<0.005 vs. placebo for each dose). Aliskiren treatment was well tolerated, with the incidence of adverse events reported in the active treatment groups (53-55%) being similar to that in the placebo group (50%). This study, which is the first to assess the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of aliskiren in Japanese patients with hypertension, demonstrates that the once-daily oral renin inhibitor aliskiren provides significant, dose-dependent reductions in blood pressure with placebo-like tolerability. 相似文献
5.
6.
Kengo Maeda Shinji Kume Yoshihiko Nishio Shiro Maeda Yasuhiro Nishida Mikio Suzuki Takahiro Nakaguchi Toru Kawabata Osamu Hashimoto Takashi Hisanaga Atsunori Kashiwagi Hitoshi Yasuda 《Clinical neurology》2006,46(4):266-269
We report a 53-year-old woman with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy accompanied by uncontrolled myasthenia gravis. She presented remarkable exophthalmos, chemosis, and restriction of eye movement. Despite plasma exchange, steroid pulse therapy, local injection of steroid, and irradiation, ocular symptoms did not ameliorate. Since optic neuropathy was seen, orbital decompression surgery was performed in the left eye. Bilateral chemosis was improved after the surgery. Five years after surgery, there was no ocular palsy in the operated left eye, but in the contralateral eye. For the good prognosis of the eye movement, orbital decompression might be recommended in the severe Graves' ophthalmopathy accompanied by the optic neuropathy and/or ophthalmoplegia with proptosis. 相似文献
7.
Tetsuro Sano Munetaka Masuda Shigeki Morita Hisataka Yasui 《The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2006,54(4):149-154
OBJECTIVE: It is well documented that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) severely impairs cellular immunity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on cellular immunity after CPB. METHODS: Patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery were randomly divided into the PGE1 group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). In the PGE1 group, PGE1 was administered at 20 ng/kg/min from just after the induction of anesthesia to the end of surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were taken before anesthesia and on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7 (POD 1, POD 3 and POD 7). Proliferation responses of T cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pure protein derivative (PPD) antigen were measured as indicators of cellular immunity. RESULTS: PGE1 significantly attenuated the impairment of both PHA and PPD response after cardiac surgery on POD 1 (PHA response, 30 +/- 21% vs. 53 +/- 32%, control vs. PGE, p=0.048; PPD response, 18 +/- 21% vs. 39 +/- 27%, control vs. PGE, p=0.046). The reduced glutathione content of PBMCs in the control group was significantly decreased on POD 1. CONCLUSION: PGE1 attenuated the impairment of cellular immunity after cardiac surgery with CPB by reducing oxidative stress on PBMCs. 相似文献
8.
Kazuhiko Tsuruya Atsumi Harada Shinji Kubo Kouji Mitsuiki Kazuhito Takeda 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》1997,1(2):131-135
A 69-year-old man was admitted to our kidney center with endstage renal failure. We started intermittent peritoneal dialysis
immediately because of severe azotemia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Two weeks after admission, he developed uremic
pericarditis with frequent ventricular premature contractions and supraventricular premature contractions. The intermittent
peritoneal dialysis was then replaced by intensive hemodialysis, and oral administration of 300 mg/d of cibenzoline was started.
Four days later, he developed thirst, weakness, and dyspnea due to respiratory muscular paralysis. We initiated respiratory
support with a respirator because analysis of his blood gases revealed marked hypercapnia and hypoxia. He also developed hypoglycemia
and prolonged PQ and QRS intervals on the electrocardiogram, which we believed were due to cibenzoline intoxication; we discontinued
the cibenzoline immediately. All symptoms improved, and he was extubated 5 days later. After 2 months, his pericardial effusion
disappeared. He now continues maintenance hemodialysis as an outpatient. We suspect that the cibenzoline induced the respiratory
muscular paralysis for 2 reasons: 1) the patient experienced the respiratory muscular paralysis, at the same time he also
experienced thirst, weakness, hypoglycemia, and prolonged PQ and QRS intervals on electrocardiogram, and all of these symptoms
improved after the discontinuation of cibenzoline, and 2) his plasma concentration of cibenzoline became remarkably elevated,
to 20 times above the standard therapeutic level. This patient's clinical course indicates that hemodialysis might be superior
to intermittent peritoneal dialysis for treatment of cibenzoline intoxication. 相似文献
9.
Koichi Masuda Robert L Sah Michael J Hejna Eugene J-M A Thonar 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2003,21(1):139-148
Most attempts to tissue-engineer cartilage have involved seeding of cultured cells into a biological or synthetic scaffold. We have developed a novel two-step culture approach that makes possible the in vitro formation of cartilaginous-like tissue by mature adult bovine chondrocytes without the aid of a synthetic matrix. The first step consists of culturing chondrocytes under conditions that maintain their rounded shape and their molecular phenotype as assessed by type II collagen and aggrecan production. This step was accomplished by culturing the isolated chondrocytes in alginate beads until the cells have reestablished a proteoglycan-rich cell-associated matrix (CM). The second step consists of culturing the cells with their CM, after recovery from the beads, on a tissue culture insert with a porous membrane. In this study, young adult bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads in the presence of 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 7 days of culture, the alginate beads were dissolved by incubating the beads for 20 min in sodium citrate buffer, a calcium chelator. Following a brief centrifugation, the cells with their CM were recovered, resuspended in medium containing 10% or 20% FBS and seeded onto a tissue culture insert. After 1 week of culture on the insert, the individual cells with their CM progressively became incorporated into a mass of cartilaginous tissue. Culture with 20% FBS resulted in the best formation of tissues. These tissues, easily recovered from the insert, were then subjected to biochemical and histological analyses. The biochemical results showed that the chondrocytes remain phenotypically stable in the tissues. The de novo tissue has a relatively high ratio of PG/collagen. Histological examination of the tissue revealed it contained a cartilage-like matrix strongly stained with toluidine blue. This scaffold-free system appears ideal to study, in vitro, the development of transplantable cartilaginous tissue. 相似文献
10.
Akira Sezai Motomi Shiono Mitsumasa Hata Akira Saito Tsutomu Hattori Shinji Wakui Masao Soeda Yuji Kasamaki Kohtaro Tokai Satoshi Saito Nanao Negishi Yukiyasu Sezai 《Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2005,11(6):413-415
The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis has been markedly improved in the long-term results and valve-related complications including valve dysfunction, compared to the previous generation bioprosthesis. We report a patient in whom transient prosthetic valve regurgitation and hemolysis occurred early after mitral valve replacement using a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis and were resolved by preservative therapy. The patient was a 77-year-old female diagnosed with severe mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency. She underwent mitral valve replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis. Opening and closing of the three leaflets looked good on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The only prosthetic valve regurgitation was evident at the central region where the leaflets form coaptation, and no abnormal findings were seen. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was decreased to 405 U/l after surgery. However, LDH again began to increase on the 3rd day after surgery and it increased to 1,830 U/l on the 14th day after surgery. Hemolytic urine was detected on 10th day after surgery. PVL was not detected, but moderate abnormal regurgitation from the outside of the stent pocket was detected on TEE. Revision of valve replacement was considered, but LDH thereafter to 393 U/l on 41st day after surgery. The TEE was repeated, and only a trace of central jet was detected without abnormal regurgitation, unlike the previous examination. The patient did not develop any complications thereafter and was discharged on 47th day after surgery. LDH was nearly normal at the time of discharge. 相似文献