全文获取类型
收费全文 | 170篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 4篇 |
妇产科学 | 9篇 |
基础医学 | 50篇 |
口腔科学 | 1篇 |
临床医学 | 14篇 |
内科学 | 38篇 |
神经病学 | 4篇 |
特种医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 37篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有180条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Comparison of three commonly used cytologic preparations in effusion immunocytochemistry. 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Discrepant results in effusion immunocytochemistry are often the result of specimen processing. Smears, cytospins, cell blocks, and monolayer preparations have all been used in various published studies; thus, there is no consistency in the immunostaining process for cytology to compare with the surgical pathology "gold standard" results. We sought to evaluate optimal specimen preparation for the immunostaining of effusion samples. Fourteen reactive and 15 malignant effusion samples (various epithelial/mesothelial neoplasms) were each prepared in three forms: air-dried cytospins (postfixed in ethanol), formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and liquid-based thin-layer (ThinPrep, CYTYC, Boxborough, MA) processing. All slides were immunostained with antibodies commonly used in effusion cytology: HBME-1, calretinin, E-cadherin, BerEP4, B72.3, LeuM1, and CA19-9. Cytospin and ThinPrep samples performed in a similar manner: high background staining was encountered in 66% of cases, most evident in three-dimensional clusters of cells. In addition, membrane staining patterns were difficult to interpret. Cell blocks provided the best milieu for morphologic interpretation, with less background staining (only 17% of cases) and results that most closely approximated those reported in the surgical pathology literature. The cost per test for cell block immunocytochemistry was also the most economical for our laboratory. 相似文献
2.
E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and calretinin in pleural effusions: the good, the bad, the worthless 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The distinction between reactive mesothelial cells (RMC), malignant mesothelioma (MM), and metastatic adenocarcinoma (ACA) in pleural effusions may be impossible based on morphology alone. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and calretinin are newly described immunocytochemical markers which can potentially be utilized for facilitating this distinction. E-cadherin and N-cadherin are calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion molecules expressed in epithelial cells and mesenchymal/mesothelial cells, respectively. The differential expression of E-cadherins in epithelial cells and N-cadherins in mesothelial cells has been utilized to differentiate reactive mesothelial cells, MMs and ACAs. Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein within the family of EF-hand proteins. It is abundantly expressed in peripheral and central nervous tissues, and has been shown to consistently immunoreact with mesothelial cells. We studied cell block sections from 77 pleural effusions (22 RMC, 26 MM, and 29 ACA) to investigate the potential immunocytochemical use of anti-E-cadherin, anti-N-cadherin, and anti-calretinin antibodies for differentiating between RMC, MM, and ACA in pleural effusions. A modified avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used. E-cadherin immunostaining was observed in 14% of RMC, 46% of MMs, and 97% of ACAs. A distinct membrane staining pattern was seen in ACAs. The pattern of staining was cytoplasmic in all reactive RMC and varied from membrane to cytoplasmic in MMs. Anti-N-cadherin immunoreacted with 77% of RMC, 35% of MMs, and 48% of ACAs. Twenty-seven percent of RMC, 58% of MMs, and 31% of ACAs immunoreacted with anti-calretinin. Based on these results, we conclude that anti-E-cadherin is a potentially useful marker in the distinction of ACA cells from RMC. However, it is not as useful for the distinction of ACA and MM. Anti-N-cadherin and anti-calretinin did not reliably distinguish between reactive mesothelial, MM, and ACA cells in pleural effusions. 相似文献
3.
Sheffield MV Simsir A Talley L Roberson AJ Elgert PA Chhieng DC 《American journal of clinical pathology》2003,119(3):367-373
We compared the interobserver reproducibility of estimating the adequacy of the squamous component of conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears using traditional and newly proposed criteria. Forty conventional Pap smears with varying degrees of squamous cellularity were reviewed by 13 observers who evaluated adequacy (satisfactory vs unsatisfactory) based on the traditional criterion of estimating 10% slide coverage. After being introduced to the new criterion and the reference images, the observers reevaluated adequacy on the same set of smears, using the new criterion and the reference images. With the original criterion of 10% slide coverage, 15 smears had a unanimous designation; the overall kappa value was 0.49 (P < .001). With the newly proposed adequacy criterion and reference images, 17 smears had a unanimous designation; the overall kappa value was 0.60 (P < .001). The difference in the kappa correlation coefficients was statistically significant (P = .007). While traditional and newly proposed criteria resulted in fair interobserver agreement, it seemed that the newly proposed criterion, along with the use of reference images, for evaluating adequacy of the squamous component of conventional Pap smears results in better interobserver reproducibility. 相似文献
4.
Renal complications of lipodystrophy: A closer look at the natural history of kidney disease 下载免费PDF全文
Baris Akinci Sadiye Mehtat Unlu Ali Celik Ilgin Yildirim Simsir Sait Sen Banu Nur Fatma Ela Keskin Basak Ozgen Saydam Nilufer Kutbay Ozdemir Banu Sarer Yurekli Bekir Ugur Ergur Melda Sonmez Tahir Atik Atakan Arslan Tevfik Demir Canan Altay Ulku Aybuke Tunc Tugba Arkan Ramazan Gen Erdal Eren Gulcin Akinci Aslihan Arasli Yilmaz Habib Bilen Samim Ozen Aygul Celtik Senay Savas Erdeve Semra Cetinkaya Huseyin Onay Sulen Sarioglu Elif Arioglu Oral 《Clinical endocrinology》2018,89(1):65-75
5.
Ilkay E Karaca I Akbulut M Kiliçoğlu AE Yavuzkir M Arslan N 《Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals》2004,12(4):291-295
We evaluated the short-term results of percutaneous excimer laser angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. Of the 18 patients studied, 2 were female and 16 male with a mean age of 56.6 +/- 12.1 years. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grades 0, 1, and 2 flow was observed in 10, 5, and 3 cases, respectively, prior to the procedure. The degree of stenosis was 97.9% +/- 5.1%. The lesion was crossed with a laser catheter in all cases, using a mean number of 808 +/- 384 laser pulses. Type C dissection developed in only 1 case (6%). Except for this case, distal flow was grade 3 in all the patients. Following the procedure, ST segment resolution exceeding 70% was achieved in 14 cases (78%) within the first 90 minutes. The success rate of laser ablation was 94% (17 patients). Stent implantation was performed in all the cases. In conclusion, laser angioplasty is an effective and reliable treatment for acute myocardial infarction. 相似文献
6.
Aslan M Celik O Celik N Turkcuoglu I Yilmaz E Karaer A Simsek Y Celik E Aydin S 《Endocrine》2012,41(3):424-429
To assess maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 concentrations in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thirty pregnant women with GDM and 30 gestational age matched healthy pregnant subjects participated to the study. Maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels were measured with ELISA, at the time of birth. The relationships between maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also assessed. Maternal serum apelin-36 levels were found higher (13.5?±?8.3 vs. 9.6?±?5.9?ng/ml, P?=?0.001) and nesfatin-1 levels were found lower (5.5?±?8.1 vs. 8.1?±?23.9?ng/ml, P?=?0.001) in patients with GDM compared with control pregnant women. However, the cord blood apelin-36 levels (8.8?±?4.3 and 8.2?±?1.9?ng/ml, P?=?0.618) and nesfatin-1 levels (5.4?±?4.0 and 6.2?±?10.3?ng/ml, P?=?0.688) were similar in the GDM and control groups, respectively. Maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels correlated positively with their respective cord blood levels. Maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age and birth weight. Similarly maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age, but there was no correlation with the birth weight. We did not find a correlation between maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels, maternal age, BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Also cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels did not correlate with the maternal age, BMI, HOMA-IR, cord blood glucose, and cord blood insulin levels. Our results indicate that apelin-36 concentrations increase and nesfatin-1 concentrations decrease in maternal serum of women with GDM. 相似文献
7.
Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is presently the major cause of mortality and morbidity. Anti-hyperlipidemic treatment is one
of the main treatment steps in the management of CAD. Statins are the cornerstones in this treatment. Ezetimibe can be reliably
used, when statins prove ineffective in treatment, or to reduce their side effects. In the present study we examined the effects
of high-dose pravastatin (40 mg) and low-dose pravastatin (10 mg) + ezetimibe (10 mg) combination therapy on lipid and glucose
mechanism, as well as inflammation.
Methods This study registered 100 cases. Of the cases, 50 [57.1 ± 11.1 years (24 (48%) females and 26 (52%) males)] were administered
40 mg/day pravastatin (group 1) and 50 [53.2 ± 12.2 years (27 (54%) females and 23 (46%) males)] were administered 10 mg pravastatin
+ 10 mg ezetimibe (group 2).
Results In group 1, total cholesterol fell from 231.1 ± 83.5 mg/dl to 211.3 ± 37.2 mg/dl (p = 0.03), triglyceride from 243.5 ± 96.8 mg/dl to 190.9 ± 55.2 mg/dl (p = 0.003), and LDL cholesterol from 165.7 ± 29.7 mg/dl to 133.4 ± 26.6 mg/dl (p = 0.02). In group 2, total cholesterol dropped from 250.9 ± 51.8 mg/dl to 187.9 ± 34.9 mg/dl (p = 0.001), triglyceride from 270.3 ± 158.9 mg/dl to 154.6 ± 60.7 mg/dl (p = 0.001), and LDL cholesterol from 158.1 ± 47.5 mg/dl to 116.9 ± 26.4 mg/dl (p = 0.001). Insulin resistance decreased from 4.05 ± 2.31 to 3.16 ± 1.90 (p = 0.07) in group 1 and from 2.96 ± 1.50 to 2.05 ± 0.55 (p = 0.009) in group 2. High sensitive C-reactive protein fell from 6.69 ± 6.11 mg/l to 3.02 ± 1.70 mg/l (p = 0.01) in group 1 and from 6.36 ± 2.06 mg/l to 2.68 ± 1.69 mg/l (p = 0.001) in group 2.
Conclusion Both therapy regimes are effective. However, we found that low-dose pravastatin and ezetimibe combination therapy is more
effective than high-dose pravastatin therapy on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and inflammation. 相似文献
8.
Mucinous lesions in the breast are uncommon. They constitute a wide spectrum of lesions ranging from extravasated mucin associated with fibrocystic change to mucinous carcinoma. There are limited data on the reliability of core biopsy in the diagnosis of mucinous lesions of the breast. We reviewed the core biopsy and surgical biopsy diagnoses in 32 mucinous lesions of the breast. We conclude that core biopsy is highly reliable for accurate diagnosis of mucinous lesions of the breast. 相似文献
9.
10.
Aylin Simsir M.D. Amy Rapkiewicz M.D. Joan Cangiarella M.D. 《Diagnostic cytopathology》2009,37(2):140-142
Over the past decade, core biopsy rapidly replaced fine needle aspiration (FNA) in evaluation of diseases of the female breast in many centers in the USA. The inability to diagnose invasive cancer by FNA, and the general feeling of unease in interpretation of cytologic specimens among pathologists who are not trained in cytopathology are among factors leading to decline in the use of FNA. At our institution, we continue to rely heavily on FNA for evaluation of breast masses. In this article, we discuss our multidisciplinary team approach which is essential in sustaining a successful breast cancer screening program. We also review the general utility of breast FNA and core biopsy in a comparative fashion. In the second part of this article which will appear in an upcoming issue, we will review the use of FNA and core biopsy in challenging breast lesions focusing on the pitfalls and limitations of both modalities in selected specific lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献