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Summary The present study provides information relevant to a number of variables which may influence response to treatment of nude mouse-grown human urothelial cancer. A number of xenotransplanted tumors were exposed to selected treatments at different transplant generations, and at various dose levels and treatment schedules. It was observed that nude mouse-grown tumors were characterized by consistency, reproducibility and biological stability not affected by the transplant generation at which they were examined. Treatment related dose response curves were steep, the sharpness of the curves depending on the degree of tumor sensitivity. Best therapeutic results were obtained at the maximum tolerated dose of cytotoxic agents under study and of importance, a 20% to 40% dose reduction with the same treatment schedule resulted in little or no activity. In addition, treatment schedule, timing and sequence of treatments and to a certain degree, tumor grade were important variables which could influence tumor response. The nude mouse-human tumor system provides important preclinical guidelines on dose, schedule, sequence and timing of treatments and can assist in designing more efficient clinical trials. 相似文献
3.
V. Kyriazis 《Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology》2006,7(1):1-5
Abstract Robotics has been applied to the rehabilitation of patients suffering from upper limb-related diseases such as stroke, upper
spinal cord injuries and neuromuscular diseases (e. g. muscular dystrophy) alone, or combined with appropriate orthotic devices.
In all cases, expensive industrial manipulators, as much as relatively low-cost commercial systems with specific modifications
have been used. However, no reference has been made in the literature on the technology of such devices. This article presents
the development of a joystick-computer system for the control of a step motor. Further research can lead to the development
of an extremely low-cost robotic arm which uses residual finger movement input and can be used by research centers with restricted
funding. Reference is made to the technology on which the circuitry is based, as well as to the design concept of it. 相似文献
4.
Abdullah Al-Mitwalli Grigorios Kyriazis Omar El-Taji Elizabeth Chandra Wearmouth Deborah Phillipa Burns Youssef Fady Matthew Simms Smith Nicholas 《Current Urology》2021,15(2):115
Background:Urosepsis is a recognized complication of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). Pre-biopsy rectal swabs have been used to identify patients with microorganisms in the rectal flora resistant to the conventionally used empirical prophylaxis. The transperineal route of biopsy (TP-Bx) has a lower complication risk but comes at an increased cost.Materials and methods:Retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing prostate biopsies between October/2015 and April/2018. The intervention cohort, a rectal swab was performed, the result of which dictated the biopsy route; TRUS-Bx against TP-Bx. TP-Bx for patients with fluoroquinolone resistance or extended-spectrum β-lactamase. The control cohort underwent TRUS without a rectal swab receiving empirical antibiotics—oral ciprofloxacin and intravenous gentamicin.Results:Total 1000 patients were included in which 500 underwent a swab, 14 (2.8%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 3 having positive bacteremia (0.6%); 500 had no swab, 47 (9.4%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 22 (4.4%, p < 0.05) having positive bacteremia. Three patients (0.6%) of patients who underwent swab developed urinary tract infection symptoms whilst 12 (2.4%) had urinary tract infection in the control group. In those patients that underwent a swab, 14 required hospitalization with mean length of stay of 2.5 days versus 43 patients of the control with 3.6 days. Cost analysis concluded savings of this strategy was £18,711.Conclusions:We have demonstrated a protocol that reserves template biopsies for higher risk patients and can significantly reduce sepsis and other infectious complication rates whilst also proving to be a cost-efficient strategy. We recommend that units not utilizing rectal swabs to uncover the fluoroquinolone resistance rate by introducing them. We advocate units that already utilize rectal swabs, to introduce transperineal biopsy for their higher risk patients. 相似文献
5.
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V. Kyriazis 《Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology》2002,3(1):31-34
Human gait is a procedure of learning and maturation; the steady, normal, adult gait pattern is considered to be established
after the age of 11 years. This study presents the results accumulated for a group of 20 able-bodied children (10 male) aged
9–10 (mean age 9.5, SD=0.5), who were tested with a portable system using telemetry for temporal factors. These results can
serve as reference for the assessment of possible orthopedic disorders in children with similar ages. For the parameter of
single support, a systematic difference between the two legs was found for runs with normal speed, which opposes to the symmetric
gait pattern of a mature able-bodied population; this difference seemed to disappear in fast gait. However, for the double
support, insignificant differences between the two legs were observed in both normal and fast gaits, which opposes to other
findings for a similar group of children. Last, the single step duration was significantly different between the two feet
only in normal gait.
Received: 27 November 2001, Accepted: 4 April 2002
Correspondence to: V. Kyriazis 相似文献
7.
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PDE5 inhibition against acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: does vardenafil offer protection? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iason Kyriazis George C. Kagadis Panagiotis Kallidonis Ioannis Georgiopoulos Antonia Marazioti Aikaterini Geronasiou Despοina Liourdi George Loudos Vasilios Schinas Dimitris Apostolopoulos Helen Papadaki Christodoulos Flordellis George C. Nikiforidis Andreas Papapetropoulos Evangelos Ν. Liatsikos 《World journal of urology》2013,31(3):597-602
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of vardenafil on renal function after renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) in a rat model.Materials and methods
Seventy-one Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups including (1) a vehicle-treated group, (2) a vehicle pretreated-IR group, (3–6) vardenafil pretreated-IR groups in doses of 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μg/kg, respectively, (7) a group of IR followed by treatment with 2 μg/kg of vardenafil. Vardenafil or vehicle solution was administered one hour before unilateral nephrectomy and the induction of 45 min of ischemia on the contralateral kidney by clamping of renal pedicle. Four hours of reperfusion were allowed after renal ischemia. Studied parameters were serum creatinine, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), and histological evaluation of renal specimens. In addition, renal tissue cGMP levels, ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as renal function by renal scintigraphy were also evaluated.Results
Administration of vardenafil before the induction of ischemia resulted in a significant reduction in creatinine and FENa levels as well as in less histological lesions observed in treated kidneys in comparison with the vehicle-treated group. The underlying mechanism of cytoprotection was cGMP depended and involved the phosphorylation of ERK proteins. Renal scintigraphy confirmed that PDE5 inhibition attenuates renal IRI.Conclusions
Vardenafil attenuates renal IRI. Based on similar results from relevant studies on other PDE-5 inhibitors in renal and cardiac IRI, it can be assumed that all PDE-5 inhibitors share a common mechanism of cytoprotection. 相似文献9.
Panagiotis Kallidonis Vasilis Panagopoulos Iason Kyriazis Marinos Vasilas Evangelos Liatsikos 《World journal of urology》2016,34(6):779-787
The demand for urological surgical treatment associated with better cosmesis, lower morbidity rates and shorter hospitalization constantly grows. The transvaginal route has been proposed in an attempt to avoid long abdominal incisions for the removal of the large laparoscopic specimens. Moreover, the transvaginal NOTES approach represents a promising evolution of laparoscopic surgery to a more “minimally invasive” alternative. The current review summarizes the available experience in the literature in transvaginal conventional laparoscopy and NOTES in urology, gynecology and general surgery. The clinical outcome is presented. The most important issues associated with the transvaginal approach are the complications and the postoperative sexual function. These issues are presented. 相似文献
10.
Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma line Capan-1 in tissue culture and the nude mouse: morphologic, biologic, and biochemical characteristics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
A P Kyriazis A A Kyriazis D G Scarpelli J Fogh M S Rao R Lepera 《The American journal of pathology》1982,106(2):250-260
Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma line Capan-1 was studied in tissue culture and the nude mouse. In tissue culture, the neoplastic cells grew as large epithelial-like mucin-producing cells. Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantation of neoplastic cells into nude mice resulted in tumor formation characterized by marked invasiveness and distant metastases. Histologically, the tumor appeared as a well-differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma morphologically resembling the tumor of origin. Chromosomal analysis showed a human karyotype with a chromosome number between 51-61. Lactate dehydrogenase and beta 2-microglobulin used as tumor markers were present in both tissue culture and the serum of tumor-bearing mice. The neoplasm, which was characterized by an increased level of cAMP, had lost completely the ability to respond to secretin stimulation. The tumor grown in the nude mouse was resistant to treatment with 5-fluorouracil, behavior identical to that of the original tumor. Diphtheria toxin resulted in complete tumor destruction. Because Capan-1 tumor grown in the nude mouse shows morphologic, biologic, and biochemical characteristics similar to the tumor of origin, it may be an invaluable tool in furthering understanding of the biology of human pancreatic cancer. 相似文献