Xanthii Fructus (XF) is an herb widely used in medicine for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory pathologies. In this study, using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined whether XF affects nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-12p40 production induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). XF inhibits IFN-γ and LPS-induced NO production in a dose dependent manner. The decrease in NO synthesis was reflected as a decreased amount of inducible NO synthase protein. Furthermore, we also found that XF inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α production. However, treatment of XF in peritoneal macrophages had no effect on IL-12p40 production. These findings suggest that XF may be used in controlling macrophages-mediated inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
The purpose of the present study was to develop a standard protocol for imidapril hydrochloride bioequivalence testing. For this reason, a specific LC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of imidapril in human plasma. A solid-phase extraction cartridge, Sep-pak C18, was used to extract imidapril and ramipril (an internal standard) from deproteinized plasma. The compounds were separated using a XTerra MS C18 column (3.5 microm, 2.1 x 150 mm) and acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (67:33, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.4 by 2 mmol/L ammonium formic acid, as mobile phase at 0.3 mL/min. Imidapril was detected as m/z 406 at a retention time of ca. 2.3 min, and ramipril as m/z 417 at ca. 3.6 min. The described method showed acceptable specificity, linearity from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL, precision (expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than 15%), accuracy, and stability. The plasma concentration-versus-time curves of eight healthy male volunteers administered a single dose of imidapril (10 mg), gave an AUC12hr of imidapril of 121.48 +/- 35.81 ng mL(-1) h, and Cmax and Tmax values of 32.59 +/- 9.76 ng/mL and 1.75 +/- 0.27 h. The developed method should be useful for the determination of imidapril in plasma with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in bioequivalence study. 相似文献
The changes in insulin resistance and insulin secretion and their association with changes in glucose regulation status in Asians with prediabetes remain uncertain.
Materials and Methods
We included Korean adults (aged 20-79 years) with prediabetes who underwent routine medical check-ups at a mean interval of 5 years. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) indices were assessed by homeostasis model assessment. Incident diabetes was defined as FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), or initiation of antidiabetic medications.
Results
Among the 7,208 participants with prediabetes, 4,410 (61.2%) remained as prediabetes (control group), 2,123 (29.5%) reverted to normal glucose regulation (regressors), and 675 (9.4%) progressed to type 2 diabetes (progressors) after 5 years. Compared with the control group, the progressors had higher baseline HOMA-IR (2.48 ± 1.45 versus 2.06 ± 1.20, P < 0.001), but similar baseline HOMA-%B (74.6 ± 47.6 versus 73.1 ± 41.4, P=0.68). By contrast, the regressors had lower baseline HOMA-IR (1.98 ± 1.14 versus 2.06 ± 1.20, P = 0.035) but higher baseline HOMA-%B (77.4 ± 43.1 versus 73.1 ± 41.4, P = 0.001). After 5 years, the progressors showed a 31% increase in HOMA-IR (2.48 ± 1.45 versus 3.24 ± 2.10, P < 0.001) and 15% decrease in HOMA-%B (74.6 ± 47.6 versus 63.8 ± 40.4, P < 0.001), whereas the regressors showed 29% decrease in HOMA-IR (1.98 ± 1.14 versus 1.41 ± 0.78, P < 0.001) and 4% increase in HOMA-%B (77.4 ± 43.1 versus 80.2 ± 47.9, P = 0.010).
Conclusions
Although increase in insulin resistance and decrease in beta-cell function both contributed to the progression to type 2 diabetes from prediabetes, longitudinal change in insulin resistance was the predominant factor in Koreans. 相似文献
Context: Several in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known to act as a coupling factor, to stimulate osteoclastogenesis, to control the migration of osteoclast precursors between the blood and bone, and to stimulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of osteoblasts. Objective: Using the determination of circulating S1P levels, we investigated which kinds of processes may be primarily affected by S1P in humans. Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two clinical units in Korea. Participants: Men (n = 86), premenopausal women (n = 94), and postmenopausal women (n = 357) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: We measured S1P levels and their relationships with bone mineral density, biochemical bone turnover markers, and uncoupling indices. Results: S1P levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal women and men. High S1P concentrations were significantly associated with low bone mineral density values at some femur sites in the postmenopausal women (P = 0.015 to 0.049), at the lumbar spine in the premenopausal women (P = 0.017), and at all sites in men (P = 0.001 to 0.036) after adjustments with multiple covariates. S1P levels were positively correlated with bone resorption markers (P = 0.003 to 0.049), but not with formation markers in postmenopausal women. Higher S1P levels were associated with lower uncoupling indices (P = <0.001 to 0.048) in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: These findings suggest that S1P may primarily affect bone resorption, resulting in bone loss. 相似文献
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack guanine bases in DNA easily and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),which can bind to thymidine rather than cytosine,based on which,the level of 8-OHdG is gen-erally regarded as a biomarker of mutagenesis conse-quent to oxidative stress.For example,higher levels of 8-OHdG are noted in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis as well as gastric cancer.However,we have found that exogenous 8-OHdG can paradoxically reduce ROS production,attenuate thenuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,and ameliorate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6,cyclo-oxygenase-2,and induc-ible nitric oxide synthase in addition to expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-1,NOX organizer-1 and NOX activator-1 in vari-ous conditions of inflammation-based gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including gastritis,inflammatory bowel disease,pancreatitis,and even colitis-associated carci-nogenesis.Our recent finding that exogenous 8-OHdG was very effective in either inflammation-based or oxidative-stress-associated diseases of stress-related mucosal damage has inspired the hope that synthetic 8-OHdG can be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-based GI diseases,as well as the pre-vention of inflammation-associated GI cancer.In this editorial review,the novel fact that exogenous 8-OHdG can be a functional molecule regulating oxidative-stress-induced gastritis through either antagonizing Rac-guanosine triphosphate binding or blocking the signals responsible for gastric inflammatory cascade is introduced. 相似文献
Background: Although the requirement of propofol in children is increasing, propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia below 3 years old has not been approved in Korea. This study can provide a clinical evidence to increase the range of approval.
Research design and methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients below 3 years of age who underwent surgery between September 2013 and December 2016. Safety was evaluated on the basis of vital signs, and laboratory findings and efficacy were evaluated on the basis of the bispectral index (BIS). Adverse events were examined.
Results: A total of 109 patients anesthetized with propofol (propofol group) were compared with 109 patients with volatile anesthetics (volatile group) after propensity score matching. There was a difference in the proportion of patients showing decreased systolic pressure (P < 0.001) and heart rate (P = 0.03), but there was no difference in diastolic pressure (P = 0.238), mean arterial pressure (P = 0.175) during surgery. After surgery, there was no difference in all vital signs and the proportion patients who experienced adverse events of two groups.
Conclusions: Propofol anesthesia by target-controlled infusion was effective and didn’t show serious propofol-related perioperative adverse events. 相似文献
The relationship between stroke and air pollution has not been adequately studied. We conducted a time-series study to examine the evidence of an association between air pollutants and stroke over 4 years (January 1995-December 1998) in Seoul, Korea. We used a generalized additive model to regress daily stroke death counts for each pollutant, controlling for seasonal and long-term trends and meteorologic influences, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. We observed an estimated increase of 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-1.8%] and 2.9% (95% CI, 0.3-5.5%) in stroke mortality for each interquartile range increase in particulate matter < 10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) and ozone concentrations in the same day. Stroke mortality also increased 3.1% (95% CI, 1.1-5.1%) for nitrogen dioxide, 2.9% (95% CI, 0.8-5.0%) for sulfur dioxide, and 4.1% (95% CI, 1.1-7.2%) for carbon monoxide in a 2-day lag for each interquartile range increase in single-pollutant models. When we examined the associations among PM(10) levels stratified by the level of gaseous pollutants and vice versa, we found that these pollutants are interactive with respect to their effects on the risk of stroke mortality. We also observed that the effects of PM(10) on stroke mortality differ significantly in subgroups by age and sex. We conclude that PM(10) and gaseous pollutants are significant risk factors for acute stroke death and that the elderly and women are more susceptible to the effect of particulate pollutants. 相似文献