nm23和p53在宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨肿瘤抑制基因nm23与p53的蛋白产物在宫颈癌组织中的异常表达及其与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级和淋巴结转移等生物学特征的关系。方法：应用免疫组化方法检测60例宫颈癌手术切除标本和15例宫颈正常组织中nm23和p53的表达情况。结果：nm23和p53蛋白表达量在宫颈癌的分化程度、临床分期及局部淋巴结转移方面存在显著性差异，两者呈负相关。结论：nm23和p53蛋白在宫颈癌的演进中，尤其在宫颈癌的浸润和转移方面。很町能起着相互促进的作用。因此，联合检测nm23和p53蛋白的表达可提高宫颈癌的转移及预测临床诊治的准确性。     

Contribution of BK Ca2+-activated K+ channels to auditory neurotransmission in the Guinea pig cochlea

Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are known to play a prominent role in the hair cell function of lower vertebrates where these channels determine electrical tuning and regulation of neurotransmitter release. Very little is known, by contrast, about the role of BK channels in the mammalian cochlea. In the current study, we perfused specific toxins in the guinea pig cochlea to characterize the role of BK channels in cochlear neurotransmission. Intracochlear perfusion of charybdotoxin (ChTX) or iberiotoxin (IbTX) reversibly reduced the compound action potential (CAP) of the auditory nerve within minutes. The cochlear microphonics (CM at f1 = 8 kHz and f2 = 9.68 kHz) and their distortion product (DPCM at 2f1-f2) were essentially not affected, suggesting that the BK specific toxins do not alter the active cochlear amplification at the outer hair cells (OHCs). We also tested the effects of these toxins on the whole cell voltage-dependent membrane current of isolated guinea pig inner hair cells (IHCs). ChTX and IbTX reversibly reduced a fast outward current (activating above -40 mV, peaking at 0 mV with a mean activation time constant tau ranging between 0.5 and 1 ms). A similar block of a fast outward current was also observed with the extracellular application of barium ions, which we believe permeate through Ca2+ channels and block BK channels. In situ hybridization of Slo antisense riboprobes and immunocytochemistry demonstrated a strong expression of BK channels in IHCs and spiral ganglion and to a lesser extent in OHCs. Overall, our results clearly revealed the importance of BK channels in mammalian cochlear neurotransmission and demonstrated that at the presynaptic level, fast BK channels are a significant component of the repolarizing current of IHCs.     

Immunoglobulin G subclasses in wheezing infants

Background: The wheezing infant is a common but difficult patient to approach diagnostically. The prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass deficiency in wheezing infants is still controversial. Methods: We studied the serum concentration of IgG subclasses in 38 wheezing infants (aged6–24 months) who had not received systemic steroids before investigation and in 30 healthy age matched controls6–31 months). Results: The prevalence of one or more IgG subclass deficiencies was 3 1.6% in wheezing infants and 26.7% in controls. There was no significant difference in prevalence of IgG subclass deficiency between patients and controls (P > 0.05). The mean concentration of IgG subclasses in patients were compared with controls. There was no significant difference in mean serum concentration of IgG₁, G₂ and G₃ subclasses. However, there a trend towards higher concentrations of IgG₄ in wheezing infants and this difference for IgG₅ was significant (P < 0.01). Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency was found in 25 and 36.4% of wheezing infants who experienced from two to four and five or more wheezing episodes in 2 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that wheezing in infancy is not associated with IgG subclass deficiency, and in wheezing infants low IgG subclasses levels do not increase the frequency of wheezing. However, is a relationship between recurrent wheezing and serum IgG₄ subclass concentration.     

伤科消炎膏对骨性关节炎软骨细胞影响的组织学观察

目的：观察自制伤科消炎膏外用敷贴荆对骨性关节炎软骨细胞形态的影响。方法：自行研制骨伤科外用药伤科消炎膏敷贴刑．用大白鼠制作骨性关节炎动物模型。成功后给予用药，经2个治疗周期（90d）后处死模鼠．切取其膝关节软骨组织制片，观察药物对软骨细胞代谢的影响。结果：外用伤科消炎膏敷贴的模鼠膝关节软骨完整性较好，厚度较高，细胞排列较正常，软骨下骨密度中等；而未使用外用药的模鼠软骨内纤维变性明显，细胞肿胀、松解，排列发生紊乱，部分形成垂直柱状增生，软骨下骨密度过低或过高，形成囊性变和钙化。结论：伤科消炎膏敷贴能对骨性关节炎的关节软骨起到一定的保护作用，并能改善其代谢，但具体作用机理不明。     

Endoscopic features of esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by cytological atypia

Little is known about esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by cytological atypia (HGINc). We aimed to elucidate the endoscopic features of HGINc compared with esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by architectural atypia (HGINa). All patients pathologically diagnosed as esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia after endoscopic submucosal dissection at our center between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in this study. According to the pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups: HGINa group and HGINc group. Basic characteristics and endoscopic information were collected in detail. Data were analyzed statistically. Binary logistic regression was performed and a predictive model for HGINc was established. Then we evaluated its predictive value and built a nomogram for clinical application. A total of 175 patients were included in this study (126 with HGINa and 49 with HGINc). Among 228 lesions found in all patients, there were 148 HGINa and 80 HGINc. The independent relevant factors for HGINc were tobacco and alcohol usage, color, and gross type. To predict risk of HGINc, a three-factor model (TFM) was established with a highest area under curve (AUC) as 0.869 (95% CI, 0.852, 0.939). When the cut-off value was set as 0.3569184, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for HGINc was 81.14%, 88.75%, 77.03%, 67.62%, and 92.68%, respectively. HGINc differs greatly in endoscopic features from HGINa in our study. It’s important to reduce misdiagnosis that our model was established with good predictive value for clinical application.     

目前我国航空心理学研究的五个具体问题

论述目前我国航空心理学研究中的五个问题：（1）我军飞行人员心理选拔；（2）飞行能力和空间定向；（3）应激对飞行工作的影响及其应付方法；（4）军事飞行员心身疾病；（5）飞行员临时停飞和心理学评估研究。建议在航空心理学的科学研究中，将心理学与医学及其它学科相结合进行研究。     

Osteogenesis response to implanted materials in endocortical bone in rat femora

BackgroundOrthopedic surgeons and dentists often implant materials to repair bone tissue defects and restore physiological functions of bone organs. The clinical success depends on adequate bone formation in operation sites. However, the real cause of osteogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the bone response to implanted materials, this study examined the bone tissue reaction in rat femoral medullary canal, which received gelatin and collagen as foreign-body materials.MethodsA total of 36 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and meanly divided into three groups. In the gelatin group, the bilateral femora received gelatin material; in the collagen group, they were implanted with type I collagen, and in the control group, the femora suffered from sham operation with no materials inserted. After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were harvested and subjected to a series of examinations.ResultsAfter 2 weeks of healing, a significant upregulation of both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin by both kinds of implanted materials relative to the control (sham implantation group) was seen in gene expression analysis. Strong reactivity of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NFκB ligand was detected in the two test groups in immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks of healing. Also, micro-CT revealed an increase in cortical bone thickness in the two test groups as compared to the control group. Densitometry showed increased bone mineral density in the bone receiving materials after 12 weeks, leading to the enhanced maximum load in the test groups.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the implanted materials led to an osteogenesis response in rat femoral medullary canal. Thus, we probably should reconsider the potential cascades of tissue reaction when utilizing orthopedic and dental implants and other materials to recover bone related-organ function and repair bone defects.     

Medicine in Future and Advantages of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

The history of medical development shows that oriental medicine, or traditional medicine, was born through medical practice during the times when science and technology were immature and underdeveloped, whereas with the development of science and technology, Western medicine, or modern medicine, was born through experimental analysis and research. With the development of medicine, the pros and cons of both medical systems become increasingly evident. How to integrate them and learn from each other will be the direction of future development of medicine. The formation and development of integrated medicine will, inevitably, usher in a new era for medicine.     

中低位直肠癌经腹肛门切除套入式肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术169例临床研究

目的探讨套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗中低位直肠癌保留肛门括约肌功能的安全性和可行性。方法对中低位直肠癌经腹肛门根治性切除行套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗的169例临床资料进行分析。169例中男107例,女62例。年龄21～99岁,平均为54.2岁。肿瘤下缘距齿状线5～9cm。病理诊断直肠腺癌163例,其中高分化者70例,中分化者81例,低分化者6例,黏液腺癌6例。腺瘤癌变6例。Dukes分期:A期61例,B期101例,C期7例。结果术后发生吻合口瘘5例(2.9%),狭窄3例(1.7%),术后早期排便次数可达6～12次/d,术后12～18周时排便功能基本恢复正常。169例术后随访率为91%,中位随访时间5.8年。局部复发率为5.8%,肝转移率为13.7%。术后总体5年生存率为66.9%,中位生存时间69(6～132)个月。结论套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术式能达到直肠癌根治性切除,且可保留肛门正常的排便控制功能。