Effect of interferon alpha,interferon beta,and interferon gamma on the in vitro growth of human renal adenocarcinoma cells

Interferon-, interferon-, and interferon- differ in their antiproliferative effects for several cell lines. Interferons were thus assessed for their activity in inhibiting proliferation of three renal cell carcinoma cell lines. The malignant epithelial phenotype of each of these cell lines was confirmed by electron microscopy, histology, karyotype and tumorigenicity. When compared on an anti-viral unit basis, naturally produced interferon- was more effective than natural interferon- for all cell lines and clones. Proliferation of each of the cell lines was inhibited by interferon-. In all cases, removal of interferons from culture media resulted in resumption of the rate of cell growth after a variable delay of 6–10 days. If the antiproliferative effects of interferons predominate in mediating tumor regression, clinical response may depend upon the type of interferon to which the tumor is exposed.     

妊高征母亲早产儿IL—6和GM—CSF检测的意义

目的:探讨妊高征母亲早产儿的IL-6和GM-CSF变化.方法:用ELISA方法检测11例妊高征母亲娩出早产儿的IL-6和GM-CSF并与11例正常新生儿对照组比较.结果:妊高征母亲早产儿的IL-6(1084±113pg/m1)和GM-CSF(144士20.1pg/ml)均较正常对照组增高(P＜0.01).结论:IL-6和GM-CSF可能在妊高征及早产中发挥重要作用.     

推拿教学课堂导入方式的探讨

推拿学是中医极具特色的临床学科,教学有其特点与规律.通过总结推拿教学中常用的6种形式即课程导入、案例导入、问题导入、媒体导入、预习导入、随时导入的方式并对推拿课堂的导入进行了相应的要求,如导入需要设计、相互关联、贯穿等,对推拿教学的课堂导入的地位、作用、目的等进行了探讨,为推拿教学提供参考.     

术前血清CA19-9阳性和AFP阳性的胃癌患者临床病理研究

目的：探讨术前血清糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）阳性和（或）甲胎蛋白（AFP）阳性的胃癌患者临床病理特征,及两者联合分析与胃癌的临床病理之间的联系。方法：回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院900例术前检测血清CA19-9和AFP水平的胃癌患者临床病理资料。结果：与CA19-9阴性者相比,CA19-9阳性患者T分期更晚（T4期,94.2% vs. 65.5%）,临床分期更晚（Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期,89.2% vs. 61.5%）,淋巴结转移率更高（80% vs. 61.3%）,脉管和神经侵犯比例更高（32.5% vs. 23.3%;42.5% vs. 27.1%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与AFP阴性者相比,AFP阳性患者临床分期更晚（Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期,88.9% vs. 60.6%）,淋巴结转移率更高（81.5% vs. 59.1%）,更容易发生神经侵犯（44.4% vs. 27.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与CA19-9和AFP均阴性的患者相比,一种或两种肿瘤指标阳性的患者T分期更晚,临床分期更晚,淋巴结转移率更高,更容易出现脉管和神经侵犯（P＜0.05）。二元Logistic回归多变量分析显示CA19-9阳性是影响胃癌侵犯深度的独立危险因素;与CA19-9(-)-AFP(-)比较,CA19-9(+)-AFP(+)是影响胃癌脉管浸润的独立危险因素,CA19-9(+)-AFP(-)是影响胃癌侵犯深度的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：术前血清CA19-9和AFP水平与胃癌临床病理密切相关,术前检测其水平有助于为胃癌患者临床病理特征提供信息。     

Respiratory oxygen uptake is associated with survival in a cohort of ventilated trauma and burn patients

Background

Little data is available in the literature about the role of end tidal oxygen in critically ill patients. We sought to identify the association between the level of respiratory oxygen and clinical outcomes in critically-ill ventilated trauma and burn patients.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Rhesus Monkey Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα, a major ligand-binding subunit of GPIb-IX-V complex

Introduction

Through binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF), platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, the major ligand-binding subunit of the GPIb-IX-V complex, initiates platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to exposed VWF or elevated fluid-shear stress. There is little data regarding non-human primate platelet GPIbα. This study cloned and characterized rhesus monkey (Macaca Mullatta) platelet GPIbα.

Materials and Methods

DNAMAN software was used for sequence analysis and alignment. N/O-glycosylation sites and 3-D structure modelling were predicted by online OGPET v1.0, NetOGlyc 1.0 Server and SWISS-MODEL, respectively. Platelet function was evaluated by ADP- or ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation.

Results

Rhesus monkey GPIbα contains 2,268 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 755 amino acids. Rhesus monkey GPIbα nucleotide and protein sequences share 93.27% and 89.20% homology respectively, with human. Sequences encoding the leucine-rich repeats of rhesus monkey GPIbα share strong similarity with human, whereas PEST sequences and N/O-glycosylated residues vary. The GPIbα−binding residues for thrombin, filamin A and 14-3-3ζ are highly conserved between rhesus monkey and human. Platelet function analysis revealed monkey and human platelets respond similarly to ADP, but rhesus monkey platelets failed to respond to low doses of ristocetin where human platelets achieved 76% aggregation. However, monkey platelets aggregated in response to higher ristocetin doses.

Conclusions

Monkey GPIbα shares strong homology with human GPIbα, however there are some differences in rhesus monkey platelet activation through GPIbα engagement, which need to be considered when using rhesus monkey platelet to investigate platelet GPIbα function.     

Developmental Trajectories of Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior: Evidence for Differential Heritability

Child Psychiatry & Human Development - The developmental course of antisocial behavior is often described in terms of qualitatively distinct trajectories. However, the genetic etiology of...     

From the Cover: Association of improved air quality with lower dementia risk in older women

Late-life ambient air pollution is a risk factor for brain aging, but it remains unknown if improved air quality (AQ) lowers dementia risk. We studied a geographically diverse cohort of older women dementia free at baseline in 2008 to 2012 (n = 2,239, aged 74 to 92). Incident dementia was centrally adjudicated annually. Yearly mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were estimated using regionalized national universal kriging models and averaged over the 3-y period before baseline (recent exposure) and 10 y earlier (remote exposure). Reduction from remote to recent exposures was used as the indicator of improved AQ. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia risk associated with AQ measures were estimated, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics. We identified 398 dementia cases during follow up (median = 6.1 y). PM_2.5 and NO₂ reduced significantly over the 10 y before baseline. Larger AQ improvement was associated with reduced dementia risks (HR_PM2.5 0.80 per 1.78 μg/m³, 95% CI 0.71–0.91; HR_NO2 0.80 per 3.91 parts per billion, 95% CI 0.71–0.90), equivalent to the lower risk observed in women 2.4 y younger at baseline. Higher PM_2.5 at baseline was associated with higher dementia risk (HR_PM2.5 1.16 per 2.90 μg/m³, 95% CI 0.98–1.38), but the lower dementia risk associated with improved AQ remained after further adjusting for recent exposure. The observed associations did not substantially differ by age, education, geographic region, Apolipoprotein E e4 genotypes, or cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term AQ improvement in late life was associated with lower dementia risk in older women.

Consistent evidence from epidemiologic studies and toxicological experiments has shown that ambient air pollution is an important modifiable risk factor of dementia (1). Several studies have shown an increased risk of dementia associated with late-life exposures to regional fine particulate matter (PM_2.5; with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) (2–15) and gaseous pollutants (e.g., NO₂; NO_x) (2–4, 11, 12, 15–17) in particular. Over the past 50 y, significant improvements in air quality (AQ) have been observed across the United States because of national policies and strategies aimed at regulating pollution from stationary (power plants; factories) and mobile (vehicles) sources (18). Several US studies have shown that these long-term reductions in air pollution levels are associated with improved lung function (19), decreased bronchitic symptoms (20), lower asthma incidence (21), lengthened life expectancy (22), and reduced mortality (23). However, it remains unclear whether improved AQ also benefits the aging brains.Therefore, we conducted a multiyear study to examine the association between improved AQ and incidence of dementia, which was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth edition) criteria and centrally adjudicated annually (24, 25). We examined data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS)—Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (WHIMS-ECHO) that included a combined 20 y of data on individual-level outdoor air pollution (1998 to 2012) estimated using regionalized national universal kriging models (26–28) and cognitive function assessed annually (2008 to 2018) in a geographically diverse sample of community-dwelling older women in the United States. We hypothesized that improved AQ over the span of 10 y, as indicated by reductions in PM_2.5 and NO₂ (proxy for traffic pollutants), was associated with lower dementia risk.