Chest wall metastasis of endometrial cancer: case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female cancer and also distant metastases to the chest wall associated with these tumors are seen less common. Surgical treatment options for metastases of endometrial cancer are limited.

Case: A 57-year-old patient who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy?+?bilateral salpingo oophorectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and tuba is presented. The patient initially presented with pleural effusion 8 years ago and the tumor was detected while during etiologic screening. The patient had no problems after adjuvant chemotherapy and had been living in another city when she presented with a mass on the chest wall measuring 20?×?15?×?12?cm 8 years after the initial diagnosis and distant organ metastasis due to the first surgery was detected. The mass was first thought to be a sarcoma and the tru-cut biopsy revealed a metastatic lesion that was immunohistochemically similar to the first surgical specimen. The mass was resected with a wide radical excision and ‘no touch’ technique. The patient was then discharged with no postoperative complications.

Conclusion: Here in, a case with a distant organ metastasis due to an endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma is presented accompanied by literature data.     

Culture-Proven Candida Albicans Endogenous Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Onychomycosis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report a case of Candida albicans endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient with onychomycosis.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 40-year-old man with onychomycosis presented with C. albicans subretinal abscess in the left eye. Systemic and intravitreal injections did not prevent further progression of the infection. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy. One month after surgery, the intraocular inflammation gradually subsided. However, his visual acuity stayed at counting fingers as a result of macular scarring.

Conclusion: The aim of this case presentation is to emphasize that endogenous fungal endophthalmitis can be seen in an immunocompetent patient. The use of systemic steroids in the past was the main reason for the progression of the disease in this case. In these situations, when the clinical findings suggest a fungal etiology, it should keep in mind that endogenous candida endophthalmitis can be a result of fungal infections from distant sites such as the toenails and systemic steroids should not be started before definite diagnosis.     

Increased risk of eating disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study

Abstract

Data on eating disorders in women with PCOS is insufficient. The objective of this case study was to examine the hypothesis that women with PCOS exhibit more impaired eating than healthy women. Women diagnosed with PCOS under the 2003 Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria (n?=?40) were compared with a healthy control group (n?=?40). The groups also were divided into two as normal body weight and overweight/obese. The Eating Disorders Assessment Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), were completed by all participants in order to evaluate eating behaviors in addition to eating disorders. Among the overweight/obese group, the average total and subscale scores of the EDE-Q as well as the total and sub-factor scores of the TFEQ-R21 were higher in women with PCOS compared to controls (p?<?.05). However, this statistically significant result was not shown among the women with normal weight (p?>?.05). In comparison to the controls, the PCOS women displayed higher values of the tool scores indicating abnormal restraint eating, body shape concern and weight concern subscale scores (p?<?.05). This result suggests that the evaluation of eating disorders should be added to routine screening and the monitoring of women with PCOS.     

Stereological examination of curcumin’s effects on hippocampal damage caused by the anti-epileptic drugs phenobarbital and valproic acid in the developing rat brain

The anti-epileptic drugs phenobarbital and valproic acid have an extremely strong negative effect on cognitive processes such as learning and memory in the developing brain. We examined whether or not curcumin has protective effects on neuronal injury caused by these drugs in the developing rat brain. Young male Wistar rats were studied in two groups, a 7 days old and a 14 days old group (35 rats in each). Both groups were then divided into 7 sub-groups as the control, curcumin, dimethylsulfoxide, phenobarbital, valproic acid, phenobarbital + curcumin, and valproic acid + curcumin groups (n = 5 in each group). At 24 h after the intraperitoneal injection of the compounds, the rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissue was subjected to stereological analysis with the optical fractionation method. Total numbers of neurons in the hippocampus of the 7 days old and 14 days old rats were calculated. It was found that treatment with phenobarbital resulted in a loss of 43% of the neurons, and valproic acid induced a loss of 57% of the neurons in the 7 days old rats. Curcumin prevented this loss significantly with only 19% in the phenobarbital group and 41% in the valproic acid group. In the 14 days old rat groups, phenobarbital was found to reduce the number of neurons by 30%, and valproic acid reduced it by 38%. Curcumin treatment limited neuronal loss to 3% in the phenobarbital + curcumin group and 10% in the valproic acid + curcumin group. These data strongly indicate that curcumin is a protective agent and prevents hippocampal neuronal damage induced by phenobarbital and valproic acid treatment.     

Apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria following use of various instrumentation techniques

Aim To evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically from extracted teeth ex vivo after canal instrumentation using a manual technique and three engine‐driven techniques utilizing nickel–titanium instruments (K3, RaCe, and FlexMaster). Methodology Seventy extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with similar dimensions were used. Access cavities were prepared and root canals were then contaminated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and then dried. The contaminated roots were divided into four experimental groups of 15 teeth each and one control group of 10 teeth. G1. RaCe group: the root canals were instrumented using RaCe instruments. G2. K3 group: the root canals were instrumented using K3 instruments. G3. FlexMaster group: the root canals were instrumented using FlexMaster instruments. G4. Manual technique group: the root canals were instrumented using K‐type stainless steel instruments. G5. Control group: no instrumentation was attempted. Bacteria extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected into vials. The resultant microbiological samples were removed from the vials and then incubated in culture media for 24 h. The number of colony‐forming units (CFU) was determined for each sample. The data obtained were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, with α = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance. Results There was a significant difference between experimental‐control and engine‐driven‐manual technique groups (P < 0.05). The manual technique was associated with the greatest extrusion of microorganism. Conclusions All instrumentation techniques extruded intracanal bacteria apically. No significant difference was found in the number of CFU among the engine‐driven techniques; manual techniques extruded significantly more microorganisms.