低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

溶藻弧菌致脓毒血症伴胫骨急性骨髓炎一例

患者男,48岁,"左小腿右大腿外伤后肿疼痛14 d"入院,受伤当时无皮损,X线片正常.     

肘关节功能障碍手术松解15例疗效分析

目的 探讨肘关节屈伸功能障碍行开放或关节镜松解的疗效.方法 肘关节屈伸功能受限患者15例,行3例关节镜术、开放手术12例.肘关节改良HSS评分系统行关节功能评估;视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定疼痛程度.比较术前与术后的差异.结果 随访时间6～45个月,平均22.3个月.肘关节屈曲从90.4度变为72.3度,伸直从134.6度变为156.2度,总伸屈活动度改善39.7度.术前改良HSS评分(32.8±9.1)分,术后(68.0±13.2)分(P<0.01).术前VAS(4.7±1.1)分,术后(1.2±1.1)分(P<0.01).结论 选择合适的手术治疗可有效改善肘关节屈伸功能障碍.     

间断气囊压迫法预防下肢术后深静脉血栓

目的探讨间断气囊压迫法对老年患者髋部骨折术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的预防效果。方法83例髋部骨折患者术后当天开始患肢间断气囊压迫治疗,并作足踝被动屈伸和环转运动。24h后鼓励患者主动功能锻炼。术后2周作超声多普勒检查有无下肢静脉血栓。结果随访3～6个月,8例患者出现DVT,发生率为9.6%。近端DVT3例,其中2例出现肢体肿胀症状;远端DVT5例,均无明显临床症状。未出现肺栓塞患者,无伤口及其他部位异常出血发生。结论老年患者髋部骨折术后进行下肢间断气囊压迫治疗并主动功能锻炼可以有效减少DVT的发生,没有增加出血的危险,安全可靠。     

糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌的临床特征及发病危险因素分析

目的 分析糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌的临床特征及发病危险因素.方法 前瞻性选取糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌患者62例为合并组,另选取同期收治的单纯非小细胞肺癌患者161例为对照组.比较2组基线资料、临床特征及其他相关资料;分析可能诱发糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌的危险因素.结果 合并组胸背部疼痛发生率以及空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);吸烟史、呼吸系统基础疾病均是糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌发病的危险因素(OR＞1,P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌临床发病无特异性表现,病理分型中腺癌占比最高,且多呈低分化.吸烟史、呼吸系统基础疾病是诱发糖尿病合并非小细胞肺癌发病的危险因素.     

卡培他滨对高表达HER-2/neu卵巢癌裸鼠的治疗作用

目的:探讨卡培他滨对高表达HER-2/neu卵巢癌裸鼠的治疗作用。方法:66只雌性健康裸鼠皮下接种人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,建立试验模型。根据用药情况将裸鼠分成两组:对照组(塞来昔布灌胃治疗,33只)和观察组(塞来昔布联合卡培他滨灌胃治疗,33只)。比较两组SKOV3细胞的生长抑制率、肿瘤体积及肿瘤抑制率,同时观察两组裸鼠的p53标记指数、HER-2/neu标记指数。结果:观察组的细胞生长抑制率为(65.11±0.86)%,高于对照组(40.38±0.58)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组的肿瘤抑制率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组裸鼠的p53标记指数、HER-2/neu标记指数均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:卡培他滨在高表达HER-2/neu卵巢癌裸鼠的治疗中作用显著,能有效抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,作用机制可能是卡培他滨能调控p53、HER-2/neu基因表达。     

胆管细胞癌术后替吉奥化疗的近、远期疗效观察

目的:探讨胆管细胞癌患者术后替吉奥化疗的临床效果。方法:选取87例根治术后的胆管细胞癌患者为研究对象,按患者意愿,42例接收术后替吉奥化疗(化疗组),45例不接受化疗(非化疗组),比较两组患者的近期效果及远期预后差异。结果:化疗组化疗后的血清KL-6蛋白、CA19-9、CA125水平较本组化疗前及非化疗组均明显降低(均P0.05);化疗过程中主要毒副反应为消化道不良(35.71%)、贫血(14.29%)、色素沉着(14.29%),均为轻度;两组术后1年无瘤生存率、总生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但化疗组术后3年的无瘤生存率、总生存率均明显高于非化疗组(28.57%vs.11.11%;42.86%vs.22.22%,均P0.05);化疗组患者术后中位无瘤生存时间、总生存时间分别为13.7、21.5个月,均明显长于非化疗组(9.8、16.4个月)(均P0.05)。结论:胆管细胞癌患者术后采用替吉奥进化疗对于降低肿瘤标志物水平,延长患者的生存时间具有积极作用。     

终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态异常及其与腰痛关系的初步研究

目的探讨终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎（HOA）患者在脊柱-骨盆矢状面上的形态与伴随的腰痛症状的关系。方法收集46例HOA患者及55例正常对照的立位全脊柱侧位X线片,测量腰椎前凸角（LL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆投射角（PI）、脊柱骶骨角（SSA）、脊柱前倾角（ST）;将HOA患者根据是否存在腰痛分为无腰痛组（23例）和有腰痛组（23例）,对后者的腰痛进行评分（VAS）。应用独立样本的t检验比较HOA患者与正常人的各个参数,并采用非参数检验比较HOA亚组间及其与正常对照的差异;将HOA患者的各个参数与VAS评分进行相关性分析。结果原发性HOA组和正常人组的年龄及性别分布无统计学差异,两组的LL分别为（45.2°±17.3°和51.1°±8.5°,t=-2.627,P〈0.05）;ST分别为（87.8°±8.3°和94.5°±3.0°,t=-6.652,P〈0.01）,组间差异有统计学意义,两组间的SS、PT、PI及SSA无统计学差异。与正常对照组相比,HOA腰痛组的LL（39.4°±19.47°,t=-4.260,P〈0.05）、SSA（121.5°±13.5°,t=-3.287,P〈0.05）和ST（87.6°±8.0°,t=-6.478,P〈0.05）均明显偏小,差异有统计学意义;而无腰痛组的SS（42.1°±11.1°,t=3.496,P〈0.05）明显偏大、PT（10.3°±8.8°,t=-2.466,P〈0.05）及ST（88.1°±8.8°,t=-5.678,P〈0.05）明显偏小,差异有统计学意义,其他参数间无明显差异。相关性分析显示HOA患者的腰痛VAS评分与LL、SS、PT之间存在明显相关性（P〈0.05）。结论 HOA患者存在脊柱-骨盆的矢状面形态异常,表现为较正常人腰椎前凸减小、脊柱前倾增加。与正常对照相比,无腰痛HOA患者骨盆及脊柱均前倾,但腰椎前凸无明显减小;有腰痛的HOA患者骨盆无明显前倾,但腰椎前凸减小,脊柱前倾增加。这些结果表明HOA患者的腰痛可能与其腰椎矢状面形态改变存在一定的联系。     

miR-9通过靶向E盒结合锌指蛋白2调控小细胞肺癌的恶性生物学行为及其可能的机制

目的：探讨 miR-9 通过靶向 E 盒结合锌指蛋白 2（zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2,ZEB2）对小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）细胞生物学行为的调控作用,分析miR-9在SCLC中的作用及其工作机制。方法：采用qPCR、WB和免疫组化方法检测于2018年2月至2019年11月于河北医科大学第四医院肿瘤内科接受手术治疗的67例SCLC患者癌组织及癌旁组织中ZEB2的表达。采用TargetScan预测miR-9的潜在靶基因并通过双荧光素酶报告基因试验、qPCR和WB法进行验证。CCK-8法、流式细胞术和Transwell实验检测miR-9和ZEB2 过表达对 NCI-H446 的生物学行为影响,WB法检测对细胞中E-cadherin,N-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达的影响。利用miR-9过表达NCI-H446细胞构建SCLC裸鼠移植瘤模型,观察miR-9对裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。结果：SCLC组织中ZEB2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P<0.01）。miR-9在ZEB2的3'' UTR上具有潜在的结合位点,与对照组相比,miR-9过表达组NCI-H446细胞中ZEB2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）,细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均显著下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,促EMT蛋白表达减少,而同时过表达ZEB2能够逆转上述影响。体内实验中,miR-9过表达组移植瘤体积、重量均明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。miR-9组裸鼠肿瘤组织中和ZEB2蛋白的表达均较对照组明显降低（P<0.01）。结论：miR-9通过靶向调控ZEB2从而抑制SCLC细胞的生物学行为以及NCI-H446裸鼠移植瘤的生长。     

南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例的影像学测量

目的 通过X线片确定南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例的正常值.方法 选择468例无髋部症状的生活在南京及周边地区的成年中国人,男313名,女155名;年龄17～82岁,其中≤20岁13名,21～30岁88名,31～40岁123名,41～50岁104名,51～60岁102名,61～70岁24名,≥71岁14名,平均年龄42.4岁.摄标准骨盆正位X线片,应用Digimizer软件测量左、右侧股骨头最大直径与股骨颈最小纵径,并分别计算比值.将计算结果与西方人数据进行比较.结果 股骨头头颈直径比例1.33～1.69,平均1.48±0.09.≤20岁者1.46±0.09,21～30岁者1.48±0.09,31～40岁者1.47±0.10,41～50岁者1.46±0.09,51～60岁者1.49±0.10,61～70岁者1.48±0.08,≥71岁者1.49±0.10.不同性别、侧别及年龄组间差异均无统计学意义.南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例(左侧、右侧分别为1.48±0.09、1.48±0.10)与欧洲人数据(左侧、右侧分别为1.43±0.09、1.44±0.09)比较差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例不存在性别、年龄及侧别差异.国人数据与欧洲人不同与种族的解剖差异有关.正常人群的股骨头头颈直径比例可能对某些髋关节疾病的诊断与治疗具有一定的参考意义.

Abstract：

Objective To measure the femoral head-neck ratio among Chinese adults in Nanjing to explore its clinical significance. Methods 468 Chinese without hip symptoms were chosen randomly. There were 313 males and 155 females. 13 cases were less than 20 years old, 88 cases were from 21 to 30 years old, 123 cases were from 31 to 40 years old, 104 cases were from 41 to 50 years old, 102 cases were from 51 to 60 years old, 24 cases were from 61 to 70 years old, 14 cases were more than 71 years old. The mean age was 42.4 years old (ranged from 17 to 82 years old). The maximum diameter of the femoral head and the minimum vertical diameter of femoral neck length on both sides were measured by Digimizer software in the standard anteroposterior pelvis film. The femoral head-neck ratio (FHNR) was calculated and compared with that of the western. Results The normal FHNR of Chinese in Nanjing was 1.48 ± 0.09 (1.33-1.69). FHNR was 1.46±0.09 in Chinese aged less than 20 years old. It was 1.48±0.09 in Chinese aged from 21 to 30 years, and 1.47±0.10 in those aged 31-40 years, 1.46±0.09 in 41-50 years, 1.49±0.10 in 51-60 years,1.48±0.08 in 61-70 years, 1.49±0.10 in those more than 71 years. There was no difference between male and female, the left and right side or the different age groups. There was no difference between the western and Chinese in Nanjing. Conclusion FHNR measurement has not variation with regard to sex, age and side. It may be useful to understand some kind of the hip diseases.