全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14636篇 |
免费 | 714篇 |
国内免费 | 130篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 370篇 |
儿科学 | 770篇 |
妇产科学 | 590篇 |
基础医学 | 1083篇 |
口腔科学 | 482篇 |
临床医学 | 1157篇 |
内科学 | 3719篇 |
皮肤病学 | 290篇 |
神经病学 | 935篇 |
特种医学 | 595篇 |
外科学 | 3305篇 |
综合类 | 195篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 351篇 |
眼科学 | 552篇 |
药学 | 530篇 |
中国医学 | 29篇 |
肿瘤学 | 525篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 125篇 |
2022年 | 240篇 |
2021年 | 424篇 |
2020年 | 282篇 |
2019年 | 342篇 |
2018年 | 432篇 |
2017年 | 344篇 |
2016年 | 570篇 |
2015年 | 659篇 |
2014年 | 729篇 |
2013年 | 889篇 |
2012年 | 1184篇 |
2011年 | 1076篇 |
2010年 | 691篇 |
2009年 | 572篇 |
2008年 | 948篇 |
2007年 | 1153篇 |
2006年 | 1055篇 |
2005年 | 1049篇 |
2004年 | 893篇 |
2003年 | 676篇 |
2002年 | 608篇 |
2001年 | 85篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
1.
Senem Maral Muradiye Acar Ozlem Sahin Balcik Eyyup Uctepe Omer Faruk Hatipoglu Derya Akdeniz Hatice Uludag Altun Ali Kosar Mehmet Gunduz Esra Gunduz 《Medicine》2015,94(16)
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and idiopathic myelofibrosis arise from clonal proliferation of neoplastic stem cells in the bone marrow. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have potential to degrade all types of extracellular matrix (ECM) and also play a role in remodeling of the ECM. It is known that MMPs play a role in bone marrow remodeling.The primary goal of our study is to explore the relationship between chronic myeloproliferative diseases and some of MMP gene polymorphisms. The demonstration of a relationship will help to understand whether these polymorphisms may be a potential early diagnosis marker of the diseases.Patients were selected from outpatient clinics of Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2010 and May 2011. Twenty-eight patients that previously diagnosed and followed-up with PV, 17 with secondary polycythemia (SP), and 12 with ET were enrolled in the study, along with a control group of 22 healthy people.DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. Using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method, MMP2 and MMP9 gene polymorphisms were analyzed with agarose gel electrophoresis. There was a statistically significant difference between the study groups and the control group in terms of Gln279Arg polymorphisms rates of MMP9. The highest MMP9 Gln279Arg polymorphism rate was observed in the ET group. But nobody from the control group had polymorphic MMP9. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of MMP2-735 C > T polymorphism rates.In conclusion, MMP9 gene Gln279Arg polymorphism was associated with ET, SP, and PV diseases. Hence, we believe that these gene polymorphisms may play a role in the mechanism of bone marrow fibrosis and may be a factor that increases the risk of thrombosis. Illumination of the molecular basis of the relationship between MMP-thrombosis and MMP-fibrosis provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PV and ET diseases and will allow new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
2.
Evaluation of Adult versus Pediatric Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe Efficiency for Guiding Septal Puncture during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation 下载免费PDF全文
3.
Selcen Yuksel Selim Ayhan Vugar Nabiyev Montse Domingo-Sabat Alba Vila-Casademunt Ibrahim Obeid Francisco Sanchez Perez-Grueso Emre Acaroglu 《The spine journal》2019,19(1):71-78
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters have been shown to be reliable and valid in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has become increasingly important to clinicians in evaluating patients with a threshold of improvement that is clinically relevant.PURPOSE
To calculate MCID and minimum detectable change (MDC) values of total scores of the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Scoliosis Research Society 22R (SRS-22R) in surgically and nonsurgically treated ASD patients who have completed an anchor question at pretreatment and 1-year follow-up.STUDY DESIGN/SETTING
Prospective cohort.PATIENT SAMPLE
Surgical and nonsurgical patients from a multicenter ASD database.OUTCOME MEASURES
Self-reported HRQOL measures (COMI, ODI, SF-36, SRS-22R, and anchor question).METHODS
A total of 185 surgical and 86 nonsurgical patients from a multicenter ASD database who completed pretreatment and 1-year follow-up HRQOL scales and the anchor question at the first year follow-up were included. The anchor question was used to determine MCID for each HRQOL measure. MCIDs were calculated by an anchor-based method using latent class analysis (LCA) and MDCs by a distribution-based method.RESULTS
All differences between means of baseline and first year postoperative total score measures for all scales demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the overall population as well as the surgically treated patients but not in the nonsurgical group. The calculated MDC and MCID values of HRQOL parameters in the entire study population were 1.34 and 2.62 for COMI, 10.65 and 14.31 for ODI, 6.09 and 7.33 for SF-36 PCS, 6.14 and 4.37 for SF-36 MCS, and 0.42 and 0.71 for SRS-22R. The calculated MCID values for surgical and non-surgical treatment groups were 2.76 versus 1.20 for COMI, 14.96 versus 2.45 for ODI, 7.83 versus 2.15 for SF-36 PCS, 5.14 versus 2.03 for SF-36 MCS, and 0.94 versus 0.11 for SRS-22R; the MDC values for surgical and nonsurgical treatment groups were 1.22 versus 1.51 for COMI, 10.27 versus 9.45 for ODI, 5.16 versus 6.77 for SF-36 PCS, 6.05 versus 5.67 for SF-36 MCS, and 0.38 versus 0.43 for SRS-22R.CONCLUSIONS
This study has demonstrated that MCID calculations for the HRQOL scales in ASD using LCA yield values comparable to other studies that had used different methodologies. The most important finding was the significantly different MCIDs for COMI, ODI, SF-36 PCS and SRS-22 in the surgically and nonsurgically treated cohorts. This finding suggests that a universal MCID value, inherent to a specific HRQOL for an entire cohort of ASD may not exist. Use of different MCIDs for surgical and nonsurgical patients may be warranted. 相似文献4.
5.
Meral T. Ercan Nedim C. M. Gülaldi Işil S. Ünsal Mehmet Aydin İrfan Peksoy Zafer Hasçelik 《Annals of nuclear medicine》1996,10(4):419-423
The present study evaluated99mTc(V) DMSA as an agent for the visualization of inflammatory lesions in comparison to99mTc(HI) DMSA and99mTc-HIG. All three radiopharmaceuticals were prepared with commercial kits.99mTc(V) DMSA was prepared at neutral pH by the addition of first bicarbonate and then pertechnetate to the kit contents. The labeling efficiency was 99% as determined by ITLC. Abscesses were induced by i.m. injection of 50 μl turpentine into the right thighs of 36 Swiss albino mice. Six days later 3.7 MBq of each radiopharmaceutical was i.v. administered to 12 mice. The mice were sacrificed at 1,3,6 and 24 h later. Scintigrams were obtained with a gamma camera. The abscesses were better visualized on scintigrams with99mTc(V) DMSA compared to99mTc(III) DMSA, starting at 1 h. The animals were dissected and the organs were removed, weighed and the radioactivity determined with a gamma counter. The abscess to other tissue ratios were higher with99mTc(V) DMSA than the other radiopharmaceuticals. The max. abscess/muscle ratios were 9.46 ± 3.20 (24 h), 4.19 ± 1.39 (6 h) and 5.98 ± 1.17 (24 h) and max. abscess/blood ratios were 6.22 ± 1.41, 4.09 ± 0.84 and 0.914 ± 0.351 all at 24 h for99mTc(V) DMSA,99mTc(III) DMSA and99mTc-HIG, respectively. Experimental arthritis was produced in 6 New Zealand white rabbits by intra-articular injection of ovalbumin. Four days later 37 MBq of99mTc(V) DMSA and99mTc-HIG were each i.v. administered to 3 rabbits. Scintigrams obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h clearly demonstrated arthritic joints. ROFs over arthritic joints were compared to contralateral normal joints (A/C). The max. A/C ratios were 2.10 ± 0.31 (3 h) and 2.92 ± 0.99 (24 h) for99mTc(V) DMSA and99mTc-HIG, respectively. Our results indicated the feasibility of imaging inflammatory lesions with99mTc(V) DMSA. 相似文献
6.
7.
Chlamydia conjuctivitis results from infection by chlamydia trachomatis, the commonest treatable sexually transmitted infection in Europe. Its clinical manifestations involve the conjunctiva and the cornea. The inflammation under the upper eyelid may be sufficient to present as ptosis, however previously it has not been documented to cause a preseptal cellulitis. We present such a case. A 15-year-old girl was diagnosed with a left viral conjunctivitis. Five days later, she returned with marked oedema of the left upper and lower lids accompanied by erythema. The tarsal conjunctiva revealed follicles and large papillae and extra ocular movements revealed discomfort on elevation. A secondary diagnosis of bacterial pre septal cellulitis was made and the treatment was changed a broad spectrum oral antibiotic. On review at two days, the patient now complained of a large amount of purulent discharge in association with the marked pre septal swelling. As previous bacteriology and virology had been negative, the patient was re swabbed for chlamydia. This proved positive and her symptoms completely resolved following administration of Azithromycin. In this particular case recognition of the pathogen is important to alert the patient to the likelihood of unknown genital infestation. In all cases of positive culture, the patient should be counselled to attend a genitourinary clinic and to alert any sexual partners to the need to do likewise. 相似文献
8.
Berrin Leblebici Nur Turhan Mehmet Adam Mahmut Nafiz Akman 《Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing》2007,34(4):407-411
OBJECTIVE: We sought to measure the incidence of pressure ulcer development at a university health center in Turkey, and to determine whether the Waterlow Pressure Sore Risk (PSR) Scale score predicted pressure ulcer development, stage, or number of ulcers. DESIGN: We prospectively evaluated patients who were hospitalized at our university-based medical center. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: We analyzed data from 22,834 patients hospitalized at the Baskent University Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center in Ankara, Turkey from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, including 360 patients who developed pressure ulcers. INSTRUMENTS: The Waterlow PSR Scale was used to assess pressure ulcer risk. In addition, age, sex, the ward or unit in which the patient was hospitalized, reason for hospitalization, and location and stage of ulcers were collected on a data form designed specifically for this study. METHODS: A single nurse physiotherapist assessed all patients daily during their hospitalization. When a pressure ulcer was diagnosed by the nurse physiotherapist, a physician staged the pressure ulcers based on the US National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) staging system. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty out of 22,834 patients developed 1 or more pressure ulcers, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.6%. Most ulcers (59.2%) occurred in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (n = 213). A positive correlation between the Waterlow PSR Scale score and number of ulcers per patient (r: 0.178, P < .01) was identified. No significant correlation was found linking Waterlow PSR Scale score and ulcer stage or the development of a single ulcer. CONCLUSION: We found significantly lower pressure ulcer incidence rates than those commonly reported in the literature, which we believe is principally attributable to short hospital stays and a strong emphasis on preventive nursing care. While high Waterlow PSR scale Scores correlated positively with development of multiple ulcers, this did not predict ulcer stage or the presence of a single pressure ulcer. 相似文献
9.
Birol Civelek H. İbrahim Inal Kubilay Ozdil Selim Celebioglu 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,30(1):25-28
Skin is the most commonly used tissue for the transplantation. A meticulous care of the donor site is needed to prevent scarring,
delayed healing, and pain. Various agents and dressing materials have been reported to help healing of skin graft donor sites.
Sucralfate is an extensively used agent, which provides acute gastroprotection and acceleration of chronic ulcer healing.
In this study, we assessed the effects of topical sucralfate on the healing of the split thickness skin graft donor sites
in a prospective comparative way. The study was carried out on 32 randomly chosen patients undergoing surgery for various
causes and requiring split thickness skin graft resurfacing. The upper halves of the skin graft donor sites on the thighs
were simply covered with paraffin gauze and the lower half was covered with sucralfate-soaked paraffin gauzes. The day of
full epithelization varied from 6 to 9 days and 8–12 days on the sucralfate-applied areas and on the control sites, respectively.
The mean value of the healing was 7.01 days in the studied lower halves and 10.8 days in the upper halves. The healing rate
was strikingly faster and less painful on the sucralfate-applied areas. We were able to discharge patients earlier than usual,
and patients’ comfort increased. It seems that sucralfate is a promising topical agent to increase the healing rate and decrease
the incidence of associated problems such as pain and hypertrophic scar. 相似文献
10.
Neslihan Eminkahyagil DDS MSc PhD ; Selim Erkut DDS PhD 《Journal of prosthodontics》2006,15(5):316-320
Immediate chairside replacement of an extracted anterior tooth may contribute to a patient's comfort, treatment acceptance, and expectations of treatment; however, fabrication of a custom restoration in the anterior region of the mouth may result in an esthetic compromise for patients during the fabrication period. Chairside tooth replacement is an excellent application of fiber-reinforced composite resin technology. This article presents an innovative, affordable chairside procedure in which Ribbond Multi-Purpose Bondable Reinforcement Ribbon is used to replace a single extracted anterior tooth using the patient's own tooth. 相似文献