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排序方式: 共有1668条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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An overview of new pharmacological treatments for cerebrovascular dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Cerebral vasospasm and the resulting cerebral ischemia occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are still responsible for the considerable morbidity and mortality in patients affected by cerebral aneurysms. Mechanisms contributing to the development of vasospasm, abnormal reactivity of cerebral arteries and cerebral ischemia after SAH have been intensively investigated in recent years. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of vasospasm is related to a number of pathological processes, including endothelial damage, smooth muscle cell contraction resulting from spasmogenic substances generated during lyses of subarachnoid blood clots, changes in vascular responsiveness and inflammatory or immunological reactions of the vascular wall.A great deal of experimental and clinical research has been conducted in an effort to find ways to prevent these complications. However, to date, the main therapeutic interventions remain elusive and are limited to the manipulation of systemic blood pressure, alteration of blood volume or viscosity, and control of arterial dioxide tension.Even though no single pharmacological agent or treatment protocol has been identified which could prevent or reverse these deadly complications, a number of promising drugs have been investigated. Among these is the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), the main regulator of erythropoiesis. It has recently been found that EPO produces a neuroprotective action during experimental SAH when its recombinant form (rHuEPO) is systemically administered.This topic review collects the relevant literature on the main investigative therapies for cerebrovascular dysfunction after aneurysmal SAH. In addition, it points out rHuEPO, which may hold promise in future clinical trials to prevent the occurrence of vasospasm and cerebral ischemia after SAH. 相似文献
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G M Grasso M M D'Errico F Schioppa F Romano D Montanaro 《Epidemiology and infection》1988,101(2):315-320
A comparison was made of different culture media and procedures for detection of Serratia marcescens from faecal, pharyngeal and ocular swabs collected from 213 neonates. MacConkey agar and MacConkey agar with sorbitol (1%) and/or colistin (200 i.u./ml) were used both for primary isolation and after enrichment using Mossel Enterobacteriaceae broth with colistin (200 i.u./ml). The use of MacConkey agar supplemented with colistin for primary isolation improved considerably the isolation rate of S. marcescens from faecal swabs but not from pharyngeal swabs; the number of ocular isolations were insufficient to demonstrate differences between procedures. Moreover the enrichment procedures consistently increased the number of S. marcescens isolates especially from pharyngeal and ocular swabs. Use of sorbitol made detection of S. marcescens from clinical specimens easier and time- and cost-efficient. 相似文献
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High doses of BHA cause hyperplasia and subsequent neoplasia in the rodent forestomach and can inhibit gastric prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. This paper examines the hypothesis that BHA induced forestomach hyperplasia occurs in response to a reduction of gastric mucus, with consequent irritation of the forestomach. This could result from inhibition of the formation of the PG's which mediate the synthesis and release of protective mucus. Groups of 10 rats received 0 or 2% BHA in the diet for 1 or 3 weeks and a positive control group was fed a diet containing indomethacin (3.5 mg/kg), a potent inhibitor of PG synthesis. After 1 week BHA caused focal erosion and ulceration of the forestomach consistent with an irritant effect, but 2 weeks later the epithelium was healed, thickened and markedly hyperplastic. Histochemical staining for mucus showed that the development of forestomach hyperplasia was associated with increased amounts of gastric and duodenal mucus and increased numbers of serotonergic-cells in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. In contrast, indomethacin caused a marked reduction in both gastric and Brunner's gland mucus. Neither BHA nor indomethacin exerted an effect on one specific type of mucus (viz: neutral, acidic or mixed) in the stomach. These results do not support the hypothesis that forestomach hyperplasia arises from an inhibition of either the synthesis or release of gastric mucus. It is possible that the increased numbers of serotonergic-cells are related to the initial ulcerative, or subsequent hyperplastic response. 相似文献
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Andrea Gallamini Alberto Biggi Adriana Fruttero Francesco Pugno Giobatta Cavallero Patrizia Pregno Mariella Grasso Chiara Farinelli Alessandro Leone Eugenio Gallo 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1997,24(12):1499-1506
The purpose of this study was threefold: to evaluate the role of gallium-67 scintigraphy in the staging of low-grade non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas (LGNHL), to assess the relationship between the expression of CD71 on the surface of the neoplastic cells and the
67Ga uptake by the tumour, and to establish the contribution of 67Ga scan in defining the prognosis of LGNHL. Forty-eight patients with untreated LGNHL diagnosed in a single institution over
a decade were reviewed. The end point of the study was survival of the patients according to the scintigraphic 67Ga score at diagnosis. In addition to 67Ga scan, other prognostic variables were studied, relating to the neoplastic burden, the biology of the tumour and the host.
Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. 67Ga scan identified only 116/286 (41%) nodes involved by lymphoma that were detected by clinical examination or computed tomography
scan. A scintigraphic scoring system with an arbitrary cut-off value of 3 (high scan score) was able to predict patients with
a dismal prognosis: with a mean follow-up of 47 months (range: 1–146 months) the median survival time was 28 months in patients
with a high scan score and 74 months in patients with a low scan score (P=0.002). CD71 values were 27.4%±14.9% (mean ±SD) in the former and 8.9%±7.2% in the latter (P=0.0001). Only performance status and extranodal sites were significant variables for prognosis in multivariate analysis.
It is concluded that 67Ga scan is inaccurate in staging but might be very important in defining the prognosis in LGNHL, in association with other
prognostic variables.
Received 1 May and in revised form 6 August 1997 相似文献
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Perfluorochemicals as US contrast agents for tumor imaging and hepatosplenography: preliminary clinical results 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mattrey RF; Strich G; Shelton RE; Gosink BB; Leopold GR; Lee T; Forsythe J 《Radiology》1987,163(2):339-343
In animals, perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are effective ultrasound (US) contrast agents that produce hepatic, splenic, and tumor enhancement. The use of Fluosol-DA 20%, an emulsion of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine, was studied in nine non-critically ill patients with cancer who had liver lesions. US studies without Fluosol were compared with studies obtained 24, 48, and 72 hours after Fluosol infusion. Vital signs and extensive laboratory analyses are performed before and after Fluosol infusion. Liver metastases from colonic, pancreatic, and gastric carcinoma exhibited rim or diffuse enhancement after a Fluosol dose of 1.6 g/kg or greater. Fluosol produced echogenic enhancement of the liver and spleen relative to kidney at a dose of 2.4 g/kg, allowing the detection of nonenhancing lesions. In addition, Fluosol at a dose of 1.6 g/kg or greater allowed detection of lesions not seen before contrast medium was administered in three of the seven patients studied. There was a mild increase in the level of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in two patients, one given 2.4 and the other 3.2 g/kg of Fluosol. Mild and transient allergic reactions without change in vital signs were experienced by two patients. 相似文献
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