以脑室出血为首发表现烟雾病患者的护理

对16例以脑室出血为首发表现的烟雾病患者行侧脑室引流术，结果患者手术均获成功，无并发症发生。平均住院13．6d出院。提出术前进行心理护理，做好充分术前准备；术后密切观察病情变化，正确掌握脑室引流袋的高度，观察引流液的量和颜色，保持脑室引流通畅；做好腰穿置管后脑脊液置换的护理，及时观察并发症的发生，予以出院指导等，对巩固手术疗效，促进患者康复至关重要。     

聚桂醇注射术治疗老年性内痔出血30例临床分析

目的探讨聚桂醇注射术在老年性内痔出血治疗中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析苏州市中医医院肛肠科2013年1月到2013年12月采用聚桂醇注射术治疗的30例老年性内痔出血患者的治疗资料。结果 30例治愈21例,占70%,好转9例,占30%。术后无大出血、肛门狭窄。结论聚桂醇注射术治疗老年性内痔出血,具有操作简便、安全有效、无痛苦等优点。     

不同荷包高度对PPH术前后肛管直肠压力及疗效的影响

目的探讨痔PPH术中,不同荷包高度的选择对手术前后肛管直肠压力及疗效的影响。方法选择混合痔住院手术患者60例,随机分为3组,每组各20例,3组均采用PPH术,手术操作中采用不同荷包高度。分别对3组患者术中切除黏膜宽度、手术前后肛管直肠压力、术后并发症及疗效等指标进行临床观察统计。结果 3组患者的近期临床疗效、术中切除黏膜宽度、肛管静息压、术后疼痛及急便感的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PPH术中荷包高度选择在齿线上2～3cm,为适合国人的最佳PPH术选择荷包高度。肛管直肠测压为评定肛肠手术前后的肛管直肠动态功能提供科学客观的标准,对肛管直肠功能的鉴定有重要的指导意义,并可用于指导临床改进手术方式。     

前交通动脉复合体区的显微解剖学研究

目的 研究前交通动脉复合体（antcrior communicating artery complex，ACoAC）及其毗邻结构的显微解剖特点，为该区域的手术提供显微解剖数据，方法在10例（20侧）成人头颅标本上，分别在不同的视角下对ACoAC及其发出的穿支动脉进行解剖观察；取出整脑后对ACoAC各部分直径、长度进行测量、拍照，所得数据用SPNSS10．0软件进行统计分析，结果10例（20侧半球）共有20支大脑前动脉。双侧ACA—A1段长度和直径比较未见显著性差异．ACA-A1段后下壁发出许多穿支血管。前交通动脉形态变异很多均发出穿支血管，分别供应下丘脑、视交叉、胼胝体膝部等。Hcubner回返动脉是ACoAC发出的最粗大的穿支血管，其起源、行程变异很大。ACoAC发出很多供应视交又及视神经的穿支血管．他们大多来自ACA—A1段。结论 ①双侧ACA-A1段发育多不对称，可能与前交通动脉瘤的发生有关。ACA—A1段均发出重要的穿支血管．手术时应仔细加以分辨、保护．．ACoA形态变异很大，但与ACA-A1段发育不良关东不大，②Heubner回返动脉起源和形态堑异很大。③OC和ON的血液供应有上、下两个起源。     

重组沙门菌表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6及其特异性免疫应答分析

Objective To determine the immune responses induced by recombinant Salmonella ty-phimurium expressing the secreting antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods ESAT-6 cod-ing gene was cloned and identified by PCR and sequencing. Prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA33-esat car-rying the ESAT-6 coding sequence was constructed firstly and electro-transformed into an attenuated strain X4550 of Salmonella typhimurium, the recombinant bacteria was named as X4550(33-esat). C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (I. N) with 108 CFU recombinant bacteria at day 0 and 18. Cells from spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were collected from mice after second immu-nization, and the specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay u-sing ESAT-6 peptide as stimulus. Furthermore, CTL effects were in vivo evaluated by CFSE assay. Results The results showed that cellular immune responses specific for ESAT-6 could be detected by ELISPOT assay. In lung and PP cells, immune responses against ESAT-6 were biased toward Th1 type, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was much higher than that of IL-4-secreting cells. In splenocytes and MLN cells, the anti-gen specific immune responses acted as Thl and Th2 balance, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was close to that of IL-4-secreting cells. CFSE assay indicated that recombinant bacteria could induce the high level of CTL effects specific for ESAT-6 peptide. Conclusion These results suggested that recombinant Sal-monella typhimurium X4550(33-esat) not only can induce cellular immune responses, but also can elicit specific CTL responses after I. N immunization. It also provided the useful information for the control of infec-tious disease of tuberculosis.     

重组沙门菌表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6及其特异性免疫应答分析

Objective To determine the immune responses induced by recombinant Salmonella ty-phimurium expressing the secreting antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods ESAT-6 cod-ing gene was cloned and identified by PCR and sequencing. Prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA33-esat car-rying the ESAT-6 coding sequence was constructed firstly and electro-transformed into an attenuated strain X4550 of Salmonella typhimurium, the recombinant bacteria was named as X4550(33-esat). C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (I. N) with 108 CFU recombinant bacteria at day 0 and 18. Cells from spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were collected from mice after second immu-nization, and the specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay u-sing ESAT-6 peptide as stimulus. Furthermore, CTL effects were in vivo evaluated by CFSE assay. Results The results showed that cellular immune responses specific for ESAT-6 could be detected by ELISPOT assay. In lung and PP cells, immune responses against ESAT-6 were biased toward Th1 type, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was much higher than that of IL-4-secreting cells. In splenocytes and MLN cells, the anti-gen specific immune responses acted as Thl and Th2 balance, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was close to that of IL-4-secreting cells. CFSE assay indicated that recombinant bacteria could induce the high level of CTL effects specific for ESAT-6 peptide. Conclusion These results suggested that recombinant Sal-monella typhimurium X4550(33-esat) not only can induce cellular immune responses, but also can elicit specific CTL responses after I. N immunization. It also provided the useful information for the control of infec-tious disease of tuberculosis.     

骑跨型小脑幕脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨骑跨型小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术入路和手术技巧。方法对近年来收治的9例骑跨小脑幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析。本组9例,女性占多数。对主要向幕上发展的采用颞枕及其幕上下联合入路,对幕镰型后方者采用枕部或枕-枕下联合入路,肿瘤主体在后颅窝者采用乙状窦后及其幕上下联合入路。结果本组全切肿瘤8例,部分切除1例,术后死亡1例,新增神经功能障碍3例,偏瘫1例。结论骑跨型小脑幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须个体化设计,尽可能采用简便适用的手术入路。正确的手术入路和对局部解剖的熟悉是手术取得成功的关键。     

RICU下呼吸道革兰阳性菌感染耐药性分析

目的了解呼吸科重症监护病房(RICU)下呼吸道感染革兰阳性菌分布及耐药性。方法对我院RICU 1999～2003年间痰培养结果为革兰阳性菌病例进行统计分析。结果共检出革兰阳性菌44株，其中以金黄色葡萄球菌(25／44)、表皮葡萄球菌(11／44)为主，分别占革兰阳性菌的56．83％和25％。检出耐甲氧西林金葡萄(MRSA)21株(84％)、耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)5株(45．5％)。结论RICU内下呼吸道革兰阳性菌感染以金黄色葡萄球菌为主，其中MRSA分离率高达84％。万古霉素是目前治疗革兰阳性菌感染的首选抗生素。     

手部环氧树脂类材料高压注射伤一例

随着现代工业及制造业越来越依赖高压注射枪等工具作业,手部高压注射伤(high-pressure in-jection injuries,HPII)也越来越常见.Schoo等[1]报道HPII占手外伤的1/600,最常见是油漆.近年来以环氧树脂为基体的新型防水材料迅速发展并被广泛应用,有取代聚氨酯类材料之势,且该类材料被...     

耳鼻喉科住院医师自主学习能力现况调查

目的 调查四川省耳鼻喉科住院医师自主学习能力现况.方法 采用相关问卷对省内四家综合型医院耳鼻喉科在培学员的自主学习能力进行调查和评价.结果 影响学员自主学习能力的主要因素是学历和培训年限.高学历学员在制定学习目标和计划、自我监测与调节、信息获取和处理方面明显优于低学历学员(P<0.05);一、三年级学员在自我动机与学习...